:

+Aphik (body of water), 508.
Apocryphal Gospels contrast with the
canonical, 417; real source of earliest
local traditions, 417, 440; their
record of the Nativity, 440 note;
and of the Annunciation, 444.
Apostles, the: their connexion with
Cæsarea, and the Plain of Sharon,
262, 263.

Ar (city). See Ir.
+Arabah its meaning in the Bible, 284

note, 288 note, 294 note, 297, 487.
"Arabah, the," 5, 85; its slope from E.
to W., 85; apparently "Wilderness
of Zin," 92.

Arad, 160 and note, 161.
Aram (Syria): meaning of, 129.
Aram-naharaim (Mesopotamia), 129 note.
Aram of Damascus A. Zobah, A.

Maachah, A. beth-Rehob, 129 note.
Araunah's threshing-floor, 249; accord-

ing to Professor Willis, the Sakrah,
180.

Ard-el-Hamma, 368.

+Aremon (keep of a palace), 525.
Ar-Gerizim, 249. See Gerizim.

Ariel (lion of God), 171.

Arimathea derived from Ramathaim,

224.

Ar-Magedon, Plain of Esdraelon: deri-
vation of the word, 249, 338 note.
Arsuf, 275.

Asaf: see Lasaf.

Ascalon, 257; the prophetical curse on,
272, 273.

"Ascension:" summit of Olivet, 186.
Ascension, Church of the, on Olivet: an-

tiquity of site, 452; does not com-
memorate the Ascension, which took
place at Bethany, 453.

Ascent to Pal. from the Desert, 102, 130.
Ashdod, 256.

Ashdoth-Pisgah, 298 note, 508.

Asher obscurity of, 265; richness of his
possession, 362.
+Asherah ("grove"), 521.

Ass: tradition of the, at Bethany, 190
note, 155.

Assyria: first invasion of Pal. by, 288.
Astarte groves of, 144, 397, 521.
Attaka: see Jebel A.

Auvaly, R. (Bostrenus), 269.

Aven (naught), 222 note. See Bethaven.
Avim, or Avites (dwellers in ruins), 119
note. 526.

Ayun Mousa (wells of Moses), 67.
Aznoth-Tabor, 495.

Azubah Hebr. word for deserted town,
119 note.

Baalbec, 408.

Baal-tamar, 146.

Balaam his view of Israel, 131, 299,
321.

+Bamah (wave), 534.
Banias, 398.

:

Baptism of John, 311; spread of the
rite of Baptism, 313.

Barada, R. (Abana or Pharpar): its

course, 110, 282, 414h; vegetation
on its banks, 414h; Pass and Br. of
Súk B., 406.

Basalt: of Sinai, 81; of Bashan, 390 note.
Bashan, 322; oaks of, 144, 324; cattle

of, 324, 390; "Mountain of B.,"
Antilibanus, 114 note.
Batihah, plain of, 371.
Beatitudes see Mt. of B.
Bedouin characteristics of the Trans-
Jordanic Tribes, 326; of Jephthah,

327; Elijah, 328, 356; and John
the Baptist, 311.

Bedouins permanence of their habits,

23, 30 note, 69; their heathenism,
56; their incursions into Palestine,
136.

+Beer, a well, as contradistinguished from
a spring, 147, 512.
Beeroth (El Birch), 213.

Beersheba wells of, 21, 148, 159, 161.
Beit Dejan, 256.

Beit Likhi, 208.

+Berecah (a pool), 513.
Bestin: see Jebel B.

+Beth or Baith (house), 528.
Beth-abara (house of ford), 310; doubt-
ful reading of the word, 310 note,
343.
Bethany (house of dates): origin of name,

145, 186; roads from B. to Jerus.,
168, 190; described, 189; now El
Azarich, 190; home of Christ and
scene of the Ascension, 194, 195,
454.

Bethaven (house of naught): Bethel, 205,

222; LXX reading of, 222 note.
Bethel (house of God): oak of, 143;
Palm tree of Deborah at, 145;
Forest of, 121, 205, 308; excavated
tombs round, 148, 223; view from,
of Abraham and Lot, 131, 218;
halting-place of Abraham, 217;
and of Jacob, 219; its unimpressive
situation, 156; analogy with Jerus.,
221; importance to northern kingdom,
220; in direct thoroughfare of Pal.,
217; Schools of Prophets at, 222.
Beth-hac-Cerem (house of the vine), 166
note, 490 note.

Beth-horon (house of caves); upper and
nether, 208; Battle of, 209.
Beth-horon LXX. reading of B.-aven in
1 Sam. xiii. 5, 223 note.
Beth-jesimoth (house of the wastes), 298
note, 488.

Beth-lehem (house of bread), type of a

Judæan village, 163; vineyards at,
138; Rachel's sepulchre, 149;
Church of Nativity at, 141, 438;
Grotto of Nativity, 153, 439.
Beth-marcaboth (house of chariots), 160.
Beth-phage (house of figs), 187 note, 422.
Beth-saida (house of fish): origin of
name, 375 note; the Eastern B.,
381, 527.

Beth-shan (Beisan), 340 note, 346.
Bethulia, perhaps Sanur, 247.

+Birah (palace), 524, 525.

Birds of Egypt, xxxvi. ; of Gennesareth,
427, 429.

Bir-el-Khebir (well of the chief), 213.
+Bittzaron, stronghold, 530.
Blanche-garde possibly Libnah, 207
note, 258, 521.

Bologna; Ch. of St. Stephen at, illus-

trating the House of Loretto, 449.
+Bôr, a cistern or pit, 514.
Bostrenus, R. (Awalay), 269, 406 note.
Bowring his report on Syria, 120 note.
Bozez (shining): crag at Michmash, 205.
Burial-places: absence of regard for,
amongst the Jews, 150, 302.

Burzeh, 414k.

Butm (Terebinth), 141.

Callirhoë: warm spring on shore of
Dead Sea, 295.

Calvary meaning of, 460 note.
Cambyses in Egypt, xl. ; his death at
Ecbatana, 353.

Cana doubtful site of, 367.
Canaan (the Lowland), 267.
Canaanites, 134, 136; their chariots,
135, 392.

Candlestick lighted at F. of Tabernacles,
428.

Capernaum known in the 4th century,
384; various sites conjectured for,
384 note.

+Caphar (hamlet), 527.
Caphar-Saba ancient name of Antipa-
tris, 276, 527.

Caper plant (Lasaf), 21, 70, 81.
+Carmel promontory of, 264;
abundance of wood, 352;

its
"The

Park" of Pal., 352; Convent of,
352; Pythagoras on, 353; scene of
Elijah's sacrifice, 354; meaning of
word, 490.

Carmel, in S. of Judah, 100, 101, 485,
490.

Carob tree, 146.

Casius, M., 109.

Castle of Penitent Thief, 207. See La-
droon.

Cataracts of the Nile: the first, xlvi.; the
second, liii.

+Cateph (shoulder of a mountain), 199
note, 496.

Catherine, St.: see Jebel Katherin.
Caves of Pal. generally, 151, 204, 516;

used for shelter and concealment,
151, 152 not used for worship in
early times, 152; but in modern
times selected for sacred localities,
153, 440; Caves of Hermits, 153;
of Carmel, 352; of Paneas, 398; of
Elijah at Sinai, 49.

Chimham, Inn or khan of, 163, 529.
Chinnereth name of district of Gen-

nesareth in O. T., 373.

Chittim (Cyprus), 115, 300 note, 406.
+Choph (sea shore), 533.
+Chor (hole), 516.
+Choresh (wood), 517.

Christian Year, The Illustrations of
Sinai, 19, 22, 69; of Palestine, 115,
140, 299; of Gennesareth, 371; of
Jerusalem, 472 note.

+Chuts (street), 532.
Chrysorrhoas, R., 409.

+Ciccar, 284 note, 329 note, 363, 488.
+Cisloth (loins of a mountain), 496.
Cities of Judah on hill tops, 161, 163,
337; of Samaria in valleys, 337; of
Philistia and Esdraelon, on slopes,
337; of Phoenicia, 266.
"City of David" (Zion), 177, 192.
Cleopatra, li., 309.

Climate of Judæa: evidences of change

in, 120, 128 note.

Cole-Syria, 410, 400. See El Bekaa.
Conaculum, the, on Mt. Zion, 456.
Colossal statues in Egypt: at Thebes,

xxxviii.; at Ipsambul, li.; at Old
Memphis, lvi.

Colours of the Rocks of the Desert, 10,

70; of Petra, 87, 91.
Constantine: his Basilica at Jerusalem,
180, 460; abolished worship of
Abraham's oak, 143.
Conversion of St. Paul, reputed site of, 412.
Copts their chapel at the H. Sepulchre,
465.

Coral of the Red Sea, 83.

Corn-fields of Philistia: their importance,

Crusades, 265, 437.

Cypresses of Lebanon, 140 note.
Cyprus (Chittim), visible from Lebanon,
115; its signification in Balaam's
vision, 300 note.

Dagon, 256, 278.
Dalmanutha, 383 note.

Damascus situation of, 414i; legend of
Mahomet's view over, 132, 218,
414; localities of, 414k, 414m.
Dan, tribe of: link between Philistines
and Israel, 258; mention of, in the
blessing of Jacob and of Moses, 396.
Dan, city, 395, 400.

David: tomb of, 149, 456; his flight up
Olivet, 188; and into Gilead, 329;
lamentation for Jonathan, 345.
David, city of (Zion), 177, 192.
Dead Sea : difference of depth at N. and S.,
289; depressed level of surface, 290;
saltness, 292; and desolation, 292;
island in, 293; named in Ezekiel's
vision, 294; contrast with Gennesa-
reth, 374, 375.
Debbet-er-Ramleh: sandy strip between
the Tih and the Tôr, 8.

Derceto (fish goddess), 256.
Dervishes, 311.

Dio-Cæsarea (Sepphoris), 365.

Dog River (Nahr-el-Kelb), 117, 269.
Dogs at Jezreel, 350.

Dor (Tentura), 260. See Naphath-Dor.
+Dothain, Dothan (Dotan), 247, 516.
Doves, the Sacred, of Venus, 257.
Druses their yearly sacrifice at Carmel,
354.

Dahy, M. ("Little Hermon"), 336.
Dak (Docus): stream by Jericho, 306.

Earthquakes in Palestine, 124, 151 note,
184, 285; origin of name
"Bela,"

289.

:

Ebal, M. (Imad-ed-Deen) : derivation of
the name, 237 note, 238, 239 note.
Ecbatana village below Carmel, 353.
Egypt: connexion of with Israel, xxx.
Egyptian sculptures on the rocks of Sinai,
23, 71; and other remains in the
Peninsula, 49.
Ehud, 231.

El-Aazy, R. (Orontes), 281 note.
El-Aksa, dome of, 193.

El, Elon (tree), 518, 519.

Elah (terebinth), 21 note, 141, 519;
valley of, 207, 481.

Elath, or Eloth (trees): the modern
Akaba, 20, 84, 519.
El-Azarich (Bethany), 190.
El-Bekaa, 104 note, 411, 477.
El-Birch (Beeroth), 213.

Elevation of the whole of Pal., 102, 128.
El-Haram Ali ibn Aleim, 275.
El-Hessué, 72.

Elijah, 222, 308, 311, 353; his sojourn

at Zarephath, 268; his Bedouin cha-
racteristics, 311, 328, 356; his sa-
crifice on Carmel, 353, 356, 507; his
traditional resting-place near Bethle-
hem, 155; his cave at Sinai, 49.
"Elijah's melons," 154.

Elim, springs of, 20, 37, 69, 519.
Elisha, 248, 309.

El-Jib (Gibeon), 215.

El-Kaa (sandy plain betwixt Sinai and

the sea), 9.

El-Khudr (the Prophet Elijah), 268,

414h, note.

El-Maharrakah (the burnt sacrifice): spot
on Carmel, 354.

Elton (Salt-lake of Asia), 292 note.
+Emek (valley), 481.
En see Ain.

En-dor, 345.

En-eglaim (spring of calves), Callirhoë, 295.
En-gannim (spring of gardens), 349 note.
En-gedi (spring of kid), 144, 147, 295,
En-rogel, 184.
[509, 510.
Ephraim: tribe of, dominant for 400

years, 229; mountains of, 231, 243.
Ephraim, Forest of, 329.
"Ephraim, the city called:" Ophrah and
Taiyibeh, 214.

Er-Ram (Ramah of Benjamin), 213; one
of the supposed sites of Ramah of
Samuel, 224.

Esdraelon: plain of, 335; peculiarity in

situation of its villages, 337; battles
of, 338, 362; battle-field of Pal.,
337, 356; on the thoroughfare of
Pal., 348, 356.

Eshcol (cluster), valley of, 164.
+Eshed, 505. See Ashdoth.

+Eshel (Tamarisk), 21 note, 520.
Esmunazar, Phoenician inscription of,
256 note, 277.

Essenes, 296, 311.

Etam, the cliff, 258 note, 259.
+Etz (tree), 518.

Euphrates: "The River," 476, 502; al-
lusion to, in Balaam's prophecy, 299.
"Evil Counsel, Hill of," 186.
Ewald: on the Wanderings of Israel, 24;

the cave of Elijah, 49 note; Amorites,
133 note; Jebus, 177 note; Abime-
lech, 239 note; Gilgal, 308 note;
Ahimaaz' running, 329 note; Mt.
Gilead, 342 note: See also the notes
to 231, 232, 326, 367, 396, and
Appendix passim.

Ezekiel's vision of a river issuing from
Jerus., 131, 181, 294; representa-
tion of Tyre as a ship, 270.
Ezion-geber, 84 note, 518.

Falaise, tannery at, 274.

Fastnesses of Judah, 162. See Masada.
Fellah, meaning of word as contrasted
with Bedouin, 22 note.
Feirân. See Wady F.
Fenced cities of Judah, 163.

Fergusson, James: his opinion on the

Sakrah, 180; on Zion, 171 note, 174
note; on site of Church of the Se-
pulchre, 459 note.

Feshkah, 496.

"Field, the": of Shechem, 236, 247; of
the Vale of Siddim, 288; of Moab,
299, 321. See Sadeh.
Figtrees on Olivet, 145, 187; parable
of, 421, 422. See Bethphage.
Fish: abundance of, in Gennesareth, 375,
377; Joshua's law concerning, 375;
none in the Dead Sea, 292 note; in
the river of Rabbath Ammon, 323.
Flocks and herds of Peraa, 324.
Flowers in the south of Pal., 99, 103;
profusion of scarlet, 139; abound

:

at Nazareth, 365; "lilies," 429.
Fords of Jordan, 304, 310, 327, 329.
Forests of Pal., 121, 307, 320 note, 329,
362.

Fortifications of Jerusalem, 181.
Fostat (old Cairo), xxxiii., 308 note.
"Frank mountain:" Herodion, 163;

according to Gesenius, site of Ramah
of Samuel, 225; Jebel er-Fureidis,
166, 518.

Frederick Barbarossa: buried at Tyre,
270.

Friday: legendary origin of its sacredness
to Mussulmans, 211 note.
Fureia: see Jebel F.
Fureidis: see Jebel er-F.

Gad: a pastoral tribe, 325; but warlike,
327.

Gadara; remains of Roman road at, 136;

tombs at, 380.

Gadites, their passage of the Jordan, 303.
+Gai (ravine), 482.

+Gal (cairn), 119 note, 203 note; also
spring, 512; and wave, 534.

Galilæan dialect, 364 note.
Galilee origin of word, 363; hills of,
364; torrents of, 430: chief scene
of the History of the Three Gospels,
418; Parables of which G. is the
scene the sower, 425; corn, 425,
426; "tares," 426, 427; architec-
tural use of the word, 364.
Galilee, Sea of: see Gennesareth.
"Galilee," or "Viri Galilæi": one of

the summits of Olivet, 186; possibly
the Mt. of Corruption of Solomon,
188 note.

Gardens of the East (N. T. &ypoi), 191
note; in valleys of Sinai, 26, 52.

Gaza, 256, 257, 262.

Gazelles of Palestine, 208, 330.
+Geb (ditch), 515.

Geba (Jeba), 213; confounded with
Gibeah, 214 note, 497.

Gebel (mountain): see Jebel.

Gedor, 159 note.

+Gedoth (banks of a river), 503.
Gehenna, 172.

Ge-Hinnom (Ravine of H.), 172, 482.
+Geliloth, 284 note, 294 note, 373 note,
489.

Gennesareth, Lake of view of from
Tabor, 369; described, 369, 370; de-
pression of, and climate, 370; beach,
371, 377, 378; vegetation, 371;
has no associations with the O. T.,
372, 389; Jewish belief that Mes-
siah would rise from it, 372; called
Chinnereth in the O. T., 373; copious
springs on the W. shore, 373; re-
calls the Valley of the Nile, 374 ;
contrast with Dead Sea, 374; abund-
ance of fish, 375, 377, 427; eastern
shore, 379; traditional localities of
the lake, 384 note; derivation of
name, 374 note.
Gennesareth, Plain of, 373, 382; ancient

activity in, 375; its dense popula-
tion, 376; contrast with the sur-
rounding desert, 378; compared to
Vale of Siddim, 374, 384; scene of
the Sower and other Parables, 425;
birds of, 427, 429.

Geological features: of Syria, 4; of Sinai
-limestone, 7, sandstone, 8, granite,
10; of Palestine, 147, 150, 154.
Gerar, valley of, 159.

Gerizi, or Gerizites (1 Sam. xxvii. 8),

237 note, 249.

Gerizim, M.: probable scene of Abraham's

meeting with Melchizedek, 238, 248,
252; address of Jotham from, 239;
still Sanctuary of Samaritans, 240;
visible from Plain of Sharon, 251,
260, 276.
+Geruth (inn), 529.

Gethsemane traditional site of, 455.
Ghazaleh: see Wady G.

Ghor, the (Jordan valley), 283, 291 note,
487.

Ghurundel: see Wady G.

+Gibeah (a hill), 41, 307 note, 342 note,

497; comp. 214 note.

Gibeah of Saul (Tuleil el-Ful), 213, 217.
Gibeon (El-Jib), 215; high-place of
Gibeon, (Nebi Samuel), 216.
Gideon, 229, 247, 341, 344.
Gilboa, M., 336; bare hills of, 337;
battle of, 328, 338, 344; spring on,
342; possibly alluded to in Judg.
vii. 3, 342 note.

Gilead (heap of witness), 323 note; moun-
tains of, 322.

Gilgal, 307; its successive history, 308;

mention of, with Gerizim, 238 note;
possibly two places of the name, 308

note.

Gischala birth-place of St. Paul, accord-
ing to Jerome, 201 note.
Golan, 389.

+Goommatz (pit), 516.

Goshen (frontier), in Egypt, xxxi., xxxvii.,
and on S. of Pal., 159.

Gospels differences between the first
three and the fourth, 418; Apocry-
phal Gospels, 417, 440, 444.
Granite of Sinai, 10, 11.

Greece change of climate through loss

of wood, 120; connexion of its
locality with its history, xiv.
Greek and Roman names in Pal., 233, 329;

their transitoriness, 264, 276, 381.
Grottoes: selection of, for the sacred

localities of Pal., 153, 439; Grotto
of Nativity, 153, 439; of Ascension
on Olivet, 153, 453; of Annunci-
ation, 443.

Groves of Astarte, 144, 397, 406, 521.
Guadalquivir, R.: derivation of name, 15.
Guides, Arab, of Sinai, xxiv. note, 29
note, 42, 78, 77, 86 note.

Gulf of Akaba, 5, 83, 84; level of, 291.
+Gulloth (bubblings), 512.

Hadad-Rimmon, 347.
Hadjar, 50.

Hadjar Alouin, 326.

"Hamath: entering in of," 414ƒ.
Hammath, 373.

+Har (mountain): see Hor.

Haram-es-Sherif (The Noble Sanctuary),
i.e., the Mosque of Omar, 169.
Hareth forest of, 121.
Harith see Wady H.

Harod (trembling): spring of, 342 note.
Hasbeya, R., 394.

Hattin plain of, 368; battle of, 347,
369. See also Horns of H.