Ancient and Moderne Authors, both Galenical Florilegium Christopheri Lehman' (sic), Frankand Chymical,' by Robert Lovell, Oxford, 1665. fort, 1640, seems, at all events, to dispose of the He was of Christ Church (see Wood, 'Fasti Oxon.,' idea that this saying originated with Oxenstjerna." t. ii. col. 772, fol. 1692). The Traitor to Himself; And, after examination, he further states that or, Man's Heart his Greatest Enemy, a Moral In-"It seems to follow that the use of the expression terlude in Heroic Verse, with Intermaskes at the by the chancellor was certainly subsequent to its close of each Act,' Oxford, 1678. It was written appearance in print in 1640." for performance at Evesham School, of which the author was master. ED. MARSHALL. DEAD MEN=EMPTY BOTTLES (7th S. v. 448; vi. 38). The following passage is from a translation of 'L'Assommoir,' by Émile Zola, chap. vii. p. 208 (ed. 1888): "And the wine, my children! it flowed round the table as water flows into the Seine. A regular stream, like when it has rained and the earth is thirsty. Cou peau poured it out from on high to see it froth; and when a bottle was empty, he turned it upside down, and pressed the neck with the gesture of a woman milking a cow. Another dead man with his head broken! In a corner of the shop, the heap of dead men increased, a cemetery of bottles, on to which they threw all the refuse from the table." Büchmann carries it back much further, to an answer of Pope Julius III., in a conversation with a Portuguese monk, who commiserated him for having the dominion of the whole world upon him. The authority for this is Colecçam Politica de Apophthegmes Memoravies por D. Pedro Joseph Suppico de Moraes,' Lissibon, 1738. The reference to Dr. Routh has its verification in N. & Q.,' 5th S. iv. 274, where an extract is [Many communications, the gist of which has been anticipated, are acknowledged.] ST. LAWRENCE (7th S. v. 468).—The Bishop of Chester, in his article on 'Laurentius, the second Archbishop of Canterbury,' writes in Smith and Wace's 'Dictionary of Christian Biography': "Laurentius was never canonized, but he was held in great veneration in Kent, and out of the 250 churches in England which are dedicated to St. Laurence the deacon, some few may be held to commemorate the successor of Augustine, or to have been indebted for their names to the reverence inspired by the two conjointly." EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. The Reference Library, Hastings. I think I have seen the story (ante, p. 38) nar- STREET IN WESTMINSTER (7th S. v. 369, 449). rated of the Duke of Clarence, afterwards Wil--Ermin, a female name, is well known in Wales. liam IV. The remark came more forcibly from his nautical lips than from the military mouth of the Duke of York. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings. THE VERIFICATION OF QUOTATIONS (7th S. vi. 6).—There are some statements in the note of MR. BYRNE which cannot be accepted. The sentence is not quite correctly given from the 'Geflügelte Worte,' where it is alternatively, "An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia mundus regatur (oder, regatur orbis)." Nor is it at all the case that a reference to the publication in 1826, which Büchmann refers to, can be taken to ascertain the origin. Nor, again, can the sentence be attributed to the chancellor for its first utterance. The exact form and the real authority have been the subjects of examination in 'N. & Q.' (5th S. vi. 468, 520; vii. 78, 117), and the writer, L. B. S., in the last reference of these, observes, "The extract given by DR. RAMAGE (p. 78) from the I know of four or five ladies who bear it. I have In 'New Remarks of London; or, a Survey of Swansea. The CLIFFE OR CLIVE FAMILY (7th S. vi. 47).MR. H. L. TOTTENHAM has, I think, been misled when attempting to connect the family of Clive with Cleeve Abbey. This abbey, or the Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary of the Cliff, had no connexion whatever with St. Mary Redcliff at Bristol. fine ruins may still be seen near Dunster, in Somersetshire, and afford one of the best and most perfect examples of the arrangements of a Cistercian house. In Mr. Mackenzie Walcott's mongraph on the abbey there is no mention of the Cliffes as benefactors, although a list is given. Other articles A BECKETT FAMILY (7th S. v. 187, 395).—In on Old Cleeve occur in vols. xxxi. and xxxii. of reply to the question raised by B. A. C. as to the Journal of the British Archæological Associa- the à Beckett family the following notes may be of tion, and here also the Cliffes are not mentioned. interest to your readers. The Becketts of Littleton A very perfect encaustic tile pavement is still pre-appear in both the Visitations of Wiltshire, the served in situ, and includes many shields of arms first in the pedigree, Richard Beckett, of Wilton, of benefactors and others connected with the estab- having married the heiress of the Keyser, Auncell, lishment, but neither here nor in portions found in and Malwyn families. As to the prefix à, in 1441, other parts of the buildings have any been recog-in the sale of a ship at Calais, the name of the nized as belonging to the Cliffe family. If I remember correctly, another contributor to N. & Q.' recently confounded Cleeve Abbey with St. Mary Redcliffe. How has the error arisen? CHAS. J. CLARK. Bedford Park, W. Cleve Abbey is between Dunster and Watchet, in Somerset; the ruins, though large and interesting, are little 'known. The church of Old Cleve lies a little to the north-west of the abbey, it is very ancient, and the floor slants upwards from the tower to the chancel. The abbey was founded by William de Romare, son of the Earl of Lincoln, in 1188. St. Mary Redcliffe is in that part of Bristol which belongs to Somerset, and the two have, so far as I know, no connexion with each other. CHARLOTTE G. BOGER. St. Saviour's, Southwark. Surely MR. H. L. TOTTENHAM is in error in supposing that "the ancient Abbey of Old Cleeve is identical with St. Mary Redcliff"! The former is close to Minehead, the latter is in Bristol; and nearly the entire length of Somerset lies between E. Walford, M.A. them. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. owner, who bore the arms of the Wiltshire family, is given as John à Beckk (frequently used as an abbreviation of Beckett), and during the last century several of the members of the family were christened with the prefix added to their Christian name, thus, "Thomas à." At the present time the prefix is borne by the lineal descendants of the family by usage. As the prefix was conferred upon St. Thomas of Canterbury shortly after his martyrdom (it was never borne by Gilbert Beket, Portreve of London, his father) by public consent, it may be inferred that the people were anxious to claim for their champion a Saxon origin. Other instances of the prefix are found in Thomas à Kempis, born near Cologne, and the old Wiltshire family of à Court. The first Beckett landowner that can be traced after the death of the archbishop and expulsion of his kindred is William Beckett, of Upton, Glouhis uncle Hubert in 1208, and who is described to cester, on the confines of Wiltshire, who succeeded be the next heir after the death of Gilbert and Bencerlina. In a book of pedigrees preserved at the Heralds' College Hubert is given as a relative of St. Thomas. Accepting this assertion, it would seem that the father of Hubert and the father of St. Thomas (Gilbert) had a comTradition credits Wilton as the If by St. Mary's Redcliff MR. TOTTENHAM mon ancestor. means the well-known church of that name in birthplace of Gilbert Beket, the father, and John Bristol, allow me to say that "the ancient Abbey of Salisbury, the reputed kinsman and contemporary of Old Cleeve" is not only not "identical" with biographer of St. Thomas, and the Benedictine Conit, but that, as St. Mary's Redcliff was never an vent thereof as the home of Mary, sister of St. abbey at all, but simply a parish church of unusual Thomas, before she was transferred as superioress size and splendour, such an identification would in to the Abbey of Barking. It may be then that any case be impossible. Old Cleeve Abbey, other-Wilton, or at least Wiltshire, was the cradle of the wise the Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary in the Vale of Flowers, Clive, is situated in the north-western part of the county of Somerset, within a short distance of the shores of the Bristol Channel. It is within a few minutes' walk of the Washford station of the Taunton and Minehead Railway. The house was founded in 1188 by William de Romara, grandson of the Earl of Lincoln of the same name, who inherited his grandfather's enormous estates, but was never confirmed in his earldom, though maintaining the rank of an earl. He married Philippa, daughter of John, Count of Alençon, but had no issue by her, and died ten years after the foundation of Cleeve Abbey, in 1198. The Precentory, Lincoln. EDMUND VENABLES. family of which St. Thomas was a cadet. Reference is made in deeds and other documents to Beckote, of Gloucester, in 1276; William Beckat, of Markesbury, Keynesham, Somerset, in 1308 and 1310; John Becket, of the same place, in 1336, 1359, and 1370; and John Beckote, of Keynesham and Upton, in 1386. In 1398 John Beket has a monetary transaction amounting to eighty marks with a soldier at Holdeach, Somerset, and in 1445 John Kyngtone Becket is mentioned in connexion with lands at Markesbury. Thus the Becketts seem to have been settled at Markesbury from 1308 to at least 1445. Forty years earlier (1405) the Becketts appear in Salisbury (which is close to Wilton) in the person of John Becket, clerk of the market. In 1412 John Becket is Mayor of Salisbury; in 1417 John Becket is M.P. for Sarum; in 1419 John Becket is Mayor of Salisbury; in 1451 a prayer is offered for the repose of the soul of John Becket; in 1485 William Becket is M.P. for New Sarum; and in 1490 John Becket is clerk of the market of Salisbury. Early in the sixteenth century (probably 1520) Richard Beckett, of Wilton, appears in the Beckett pedigree recorded in the first Visitation of Wilts, and from this Richard Beckett, of Wilton, the modern Wiltshire family is lineally descended in the male line without break. In 1269 Nigellus Beket, of Southampton, dies, holding land in that county, which is held in direct lineal descent until John Becket in 1372. In 1300 and 1301 Valentine Becket, of Southampton, is summoned to perform military service against the Scots in the reign of Edward I. as holder of considerable land in Southampton. CERTIFAGO, OR SERTIFAGO (7th S. vi. 8).-May I suggest that these are the rather wild shots of an unlettered man who was aiming at the word sarcophagus? In that way the editor of the 'Tavistock Parish Records' would be right in understanding them as an explanatory term for "grave," the meaning being that these were payments in respect An of stone tombs, and not ordinary graves. alternative explanation might be that it stands for "certified" or "certificated," meaning that the grave in question was specially reserved to the person making the payment in a way that ordinary graves were not; but I incline to the first suggestion. Lapworth. R. HUDSON. In a roll of arms of Edward I. we find the coat of Becket described as a Chevron gules on a field argent between three lions' or leopards' heads erased gules; and this no doubt is the shield used by Valentine Becket, of Southampton, in his campaign against the Scots. This is also the coat of This may be an error in spelling, possibly for Richard Beckett, of Wilton, of the Wiltshire | ceragio," "quod cera nomine præstabatur Visitations, except that in his case the field is or ecclesiis ad luminarium concinnationem " (Duand on the chevron he carries a fleur de lis and cange, Migne). In N. & Q.,' 3rd S. ix. 62, there two annulets of the field. In 1415 John Beckett is an extract from the books of the Founders' is mentioned in a confirmation of land in Kent, to Company of about the same date, 1522;which he attaches his seal, which bears the same arms as John à Bekk, the shipowner in 1441, and Richard Beckett, of Wilton. In conclusion it may be noted that since the Visitation to the present time the family Christian name of the head of the family, with scarcely an exception, has been William, the second name being John, which were almost invariably the Christian names of the Becketts of Upton, Somerset, and Salisbury. TEMPLER. "NATURA NIHIL FACIT PER SALTUM" (7th S. v. 447). It is not, probably, to be ascertained who was the author of this maxim, as is the case in respect of many others. An instance of its early occurrence is given by DR. C. T. RAMAGE at 3rd S. xii. 149, who states that in Fournier's 'Variétés Historiques et Littéraires,' t. ix. p. 247, he prints a piece, which appeared in 1613, entitled 'Discours Véritable de la Vie et de la Mort du Géant Theutobocus,' in which the expression "Natura in operationibus suis non facit saltum occurs as a citation. ED. MARSHALL. Linnæus, in his Philosophia Botanica,' 8vo., 1751, § 77, says :— " "Defectus nondum detectorum in causa fuit, quod Methodus naturalis deficiat, quam plurium cognitio perficiet; Natura enim non facit saltus." But the maxim is, I believe, older than Linnæus. Gomshall. "1522. Itm payd to the Wax Chaundler for the beryin lycht at Sen Markytts, in Lodbery, viij Wax Tap"," &c. Reference is made to Dr. Rock, 'The Church of our Fathers,' vol. ii. pp. 469-520, for notices of the wax tapers used at the funeral service according to the Old English ritual. ED. MARSHALL. LORD FANNY (7th S. vi. 69).—It was by this name that Pope referred to John, Lord Hervey, son of the Earl of Bristol, who was attached to the court of George II. in the capacity of vicechamberlain. He was a Whig, and was favoured with the trust and confidence of Queen Caroline. Pope hated him with the utmost malignity, and first attacked him in 1727 in 'The Miscellanies,' and again sneered at him in 'Sat. and Ep.,' i. 6:-. 6 The lines are weak, another 's pleased to say Lord Fanny weaves a thousand such a day. To these Hervey replied in 'Verses to the Imitator of Horace.' Pope retorted in 'A Prose Letter to a Noble Lord,' which he followed up by the character of "Sporus," Sat. and Ep.' Prol. 305. In the Prologue, line 149, there is another allusion :Like gentle Fanny's was my flowery theme, A painted mistress, or a purling stream. Pope pretended that "Fanny" was only the Anglicized form of "Fannius" (" ineptus Fannius," Hor. i. Sat. 79). A full account of the quarrel The allusion to Byron's estimate of Pope probably refers to a pamphlet entitled 'Observations upon an Article in Blackwood's Magazine, No. xxix., August, 1819,' published by Byron in 1819 as an answer to that article and to one published in the British Review, No. xviii., 1819. In it he says: "Taking passage for passage, I will undertake to cite more lines teeming with imagination from Pope than from any two living poets, be they who they may." In the same pamphlet Byron enumerates the disciples of Pope, and among them is Rogers, who is also alluded to in the extract given. F. B. LEWIS. Putney. It was John, Lord Hervey, who was usually called Lord Fanny by the wits of his time, in consequence of his effeminate habits. His appearance was that of a "half wit, half fool, half man, half beau." He used rouge, drank asses' milk, and took Scotch pills. He was both a politician and poet. It was he who was satirized as "Sporus by Pope in the Prologue to the 'Satires,' 1734, in the following terms : That thing o' silk Sporus, that mere white curd of asses' milk; Satire or sense, alas! can Sporus feel? Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? He was born October 15, 1696; he was a sup porter of Lord Walpole, and was Lord Privy Seal in 1740. In 1742 he wrote 'Memoirs of the Reign of George II.,' which were not published until 1848. He died August 5 or 8, 1743. Stratford, E. J. W. ALLISON. I do not know for what personage "Lord Fanny" was a nickname sixty or seventy years ago, but everybody knows that it was Pope's nickname for the Lord Hervey of his day, the author of the well-known 'Memoirs.' E. V. VENABLES (7th S. vi. 48).—Robert Venables was descended from "Gilbert Venables, lord and baron of Kinderton, temp. William the Conqueror," and his ancestors had married into most of the great Cheshire families. His pedigree and life will be found in 'Some Account of General Robert Venables, of Antrobus and Wincham, Cheshire,' printed for the Chetham Society, 1871, and included in the Chetham' Miscellanies, vol. iv. Dr. Ormerod, in the History of Cheshire,' also gives a pedigree of the family, from which it appears that Robert Venables resided at Chester. Colonel Venables's 'Experienced Angler' was first published in 1662, and had no necessary connexion with Walton and Cotton's 'Compleat Angler,' though the three were issued together in 1676 under the title of the Universal Angler.' William and Abraham Venables were not sons of the gallant angler. ERNEST AXON. 66, Murray Street, Higher Broughton. SNEAD (7th S. v. 347 ; vi. 14).—A scythe_has three parts: the blade, the sneyd, and the nibs. The blade and the sneyd have been already mentioned; but without the nibs no mower could use his scythe. The nibs are two wooden handles which the mower is able to balance and swing the attached to the sneyd by iron holdfasts, by holding scythe in mowing. Hilfield, Yately, Hants. HERALDIC (7th S. vi. JOHN P. STILLWELL. 28).-The arms inquired for by S. are given in Burke's Armory' to the name Shackleton or Shakelton. Edmondson's Complete Body of Heraldry' (1780) seems to be the earliest printed armory in which they appear. A visit to the Heralds' College would perhaps clear up the question as to date of grant. LEO CULLETON. 25, Cranborne Street, W.C. DUAL ORIGIN OF THE STUART FAMILY (7th S. vi. 27).-Chalmers, I think, is credited with the discovery that Alan Fitz-Flaad, or Flathald, temp. William I., was father of three sons, the eldest being the ancestor of the Fitz-Alans, the second of the Stuarts, or Stewarts, and the third of the Boyds. There is an interesting resemblance between the arms of the latter two families. I write from memory, so cannot be more explicit. I should be rather inclined to ask, What authority is there for Camden's Celtic derivation? Exeter. J. DALLAS. i short. When this is considered, I fear there is nothing gained by comparing the pronunciation of Didluck with that of Llandudno; unless, indeed, the two names have more in common than I believe to be the case-i.e., are both traceable to a Celtic origin. G. H. EVANS. Lorne Street, Chester. MATTHEW'S BIBLE, 1537 (7th S. v. 481; vi. 35). -MR. DORE's answer leaves much to be desired; but as he is driven to own his book on Old Bibles' is wrong, and now, for the first time, pleads illness as the cause, there would be no good in pointing out further errors, especially as only he can know how much "the slips got mixed." Those who have hitherto taken him for their guide now know how much reliance to place upon the book, as the author "was too ill to read the proofs," and "the slips got mixed," so that what is said of one Bible is quite wrong, and is what he intended to say of another; and even then it would have been wrong, for it would not have been true of that other, or of any other. What is more unfortunate still is that two (or I might say three) previous writers about Matthew's 1537 Bible had made the same error about the prologues! In such circumstances most people will think MR. DORE had done better to let the "tractate" wait till he was well and could read the proofs, since it was but a "tractate," and the world was not impatient; or he could have had a short notice inserted at the beginning explaining the unfortunate state of affairs. As this subject probably does not interest any large number of the readers of N. & Q.,' any further blundering statements will be noticed in another channel-when they are of sufficient importance. Boston, Lincolnshire. R. R. BISHOPS JACKSON AND LLOYD (7th S. vi. 8).— MR. TEw does scant justice to the notice of Bishop Lloyd in the 'Oxford Diocesan History' when he states that Bishop Lloyd's name is casually mentioned, but that is all." In reality, there is a condensed account of Bishop Lloyd in pp. 173-6, with reference to the following authorities for each statement: Dr. Pusey's 'Reprint of Tract xc.,' pref., p. 28, Ox., 1870; W. E. Gladstone's 'Autobiography,' p. 53, Lond., 1868; Annual Register, vol. lxxi. p. 232; British Critic, October, 1825; Colchester, vol. iii., Lond., 1861; together with 'Diary and Correspondence of Charles Abbot, Lord such personal reminiscences of the bishop's attitude towards the clergy as the writer was able to supply. If MR. TEW will please to refer to these authorities, which are all given as above in the notes, he will proportion could only admit in a summary into the see at length the fuller history, which a regard to text. And perhaps his sense of justice will enable is not the right expression. him to feel that "casual," under the circumstances, THE WRITER OF THE 'OX. DIOC. HIST.' I do not think that MR. TEW can have consulted the Gentleman's Magazine for June, 1829, or he would have found some account" (and rather a full one, too) of Dr. Charles Lloyd (see pp. 560563). I can, however, find no obituary notice of Bishop Jackson, who died in November, 1815, in that repository of biographical information; but then neither is there in its pages any memoir of Archbishop Sumner. E. WALFORD, M.A. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. Of Bishop William Jackson but little would appear to be recorded. In 'Ecclesiastica,' by E. M. Roose (1842), he is said to have "enjoyed a well-merited reputation for profound erudition in theological and general literature, and to have been distinguished by a pure and severe taste drawn from the models of antiquity." He is mentioned in the 'Dictionary of Living Authors' (1814), and in Cox's 'Recollections of Oxford,' 174. Of Bishop Charles Lloyd there are fuller particulars. There is an account of him in Roose's Ecclesiastica,' 223, and allusion to him may be found in 'Life of Bishop S. Wilberforce,' i. 42; and in Coplestone's 'Life of Bishop Coplestone,' 45. In 'The Eton Portrait Gallery (1876) there is a somewhat lengthened account of him (pp. 150 sqq.). He was born in 1784 at Downley, Bucks, where his father was curate. Passing through Eton and Christ Church, he became tutor to Sir R. Peel and the Earl of Elgin. In 1817 he was appointed mathematical tutor in his college; in 1819 Preacher to Lincoln's Inn and Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury; in 1822 Regius Professor of Divinity and Camden Professor of History; in 1827 he was advanced through the influence of Sir R. Peel to the see of Oxford. His death took place May 31, 1829. His principal |