citizen who wrote himself down in a book of princely autographs as "one of the sovereigns of the United States of America"? JOHN WOODWARD.

Would not this proverb refer to the fact that the Doge of Genoa was crowned King of Corsica? Each doge holding office for only two years, there would usually be several ex-doges living at the same time, and thus several ex-kings of Corsica. The wives or widows of the ex-doges and the wife of the doge might be in some way considered as queens of Corsica, and therefore as forming a select class of Genoese society, to which the proverb would refer, inferring that it was not every lady of Genoa who was of so high rank as these queens. JULIUS STEG GALL.

It is stated in Moreri's 'Dict.' that Corsica took its name "of a certain woman of Liguria called Corsa Bubulca, who had the courage to lead a colony out of that country" to the island. May not this legend have some bearing on the phrase in question? Liverpool.

J. F. MANSergh.

KING JAMES'S LORDS (7th S. vi. 69).-A very full and apparently fairly exhaustive list of peers created by James II.-both in Ireland and England after his abdication, together with the persons said to have been similarly ennobled by his son and grandson, the two Pretenders, has recently been printed in that excellent work 'The New Peerage,' by G. E. C. (vol. i. pp. 60-64), now in course of publication in the Genealogist. Further information upon the subject will likewise be found in one of the earlier series of N. & Q.'-the second or third, if I remember rightly, but I have not the volumes at hand for reference. In G. E. C.'s 'New Peerage' is also enumerated (vol. ii. pp. 84-89) the names, together with some few genealogical particulars, of Cromwell's sixty-three lords of the "Other House." Much information may be gathered from Noble's 'Cromwell,' Masson's 'Milton,' and from other sources. With reference to Cromwell's lords, it may be remarked that the Protector was very chary in conferring hereditary dignities. The great bulk of his so-called lords held life honours only. Cromwell created but two hereditary peerages the Viscountcy of Howard of Morpeth and the Barony of Burnell of East Wittenhamboth, of course, disallowed at the Restoration.

W. D. PINK.

LENT (7th S. vi. 85). For the survivals of religious customs the place to go to is Southern Italy. The extract from the Leisure Hour explains the figure of a scarecrow which I saw hanging by the roadside near Naples just before Lent, and which perplexed me not a little at the time. A better-known figure, which regularly appears in

DOES MR. GLADSTONE SPEAK WITH A PROVINCIAL ACCENT? (7th S. vi. 124, 153.)—The answer is that much depends on the listener. I can tell a story to the point. I never heard Mr. Gladstone speak but once, and that was in Cambridge, more than a quarter of a century ago. I had at the time no idea that he came from Lancashire. But after the speech, I made careful inquiries as to where he came from, and soon obtained the information. I was not then at all accustomed to "take notice," and the traces which I observed were very slight. In a large portion of the speech, even after I had noticed some peculiarities, I could detect nothing unusual. At this distance of time I only remember one test word. He undoubtedly at that time said strenth for strength; and I said to myself, "North." WALTER W. SKEAT.

ARTHUR BURY, D.D. (7th S. v. 46).—Your correspondent is correct in stating that the date of the death of this Rector of Exeter College had hitherto eluded the grasp of the biographer. By a strange coincidence two dates have been within the last few months assigned for this event. According to the Rawlinson MS. quoted by your correspondent this turbulent controversialist died on April 3, 1713. From a communication in the Western Antiquary (vol. vi. pp. 180-3) it would appear that he died on May 3, 1713, aged ninetyone, and was buried in South Petherton Church, close to the north-west buttress under the central tower, at a spot still marked by a blue lias slab, on May 6. Which is correct?

clined to dissent. In the biographical introduction Mr. Bullen brings forward important facts which were unknown to Dyce. In all respects, indeed, this edition of Peele is worthy of its editor and of the collection of which it forms part. It supplies the best text of one of the Shakspearian dramatists and much varied information, the full value of which the student of dramatic

literature will not be slow to acknowledge.

Sunlight. By the Author of 'The Interior of the Earth.' (Trübner & Co.)

ALTHOUGH the author of this little book does not give his name on the title-page, as in his earlier work, he does so in the preface, which is signed "H. P. Malet." It will repay careful perusal, though it is not likely that the views put forward will meet with wide acceptance. Undoubtedly the cosmogony, or creation of the world, has, according to the sage remark of Mr. Ephraim Jenkinson, puzzled philosophers of all ages, but we scarcely think that the problem is solved or the mystery explained by the theory here put forth that "the light of the sun fell upon a sensitive nebulous mass, gravitating in space, and this earth was born." Nor do we exactly see why heat, as a scientific agent, should be called "destructive," and light, in opposition, "constructive." Both are produced by undulations of very similar kinds in the same widely-diffused and (in all probability) imponderable medium; and the phenomena of total solar eclipses show that the waves of heat and light travel with the same velocity. We may remark also that, although the famous nebular hypothesis (or theory, as it is now generally called) of Laplace has undergone several modifications through later scientific discoveries, yet in its main lines it is by no means abandoned. But, to use the words of Miss A. M. Clerke, in her excellent Popular History of Astromony during the Nineteenth Century,' we should err gravely were we to suppose it possible to reconstruct, with the help of any knowledge our race is ever likely to possess, the real and complete history of our admirable system."

Northamptonshire Notes and Queries, Part XVIII. (Northampton, Taylor & Sons; London, Stock), commences a new volume, vol. iii., a fact upon which the editor and his contributors may alike be congratulated. We remark that the initial part of the new volume contains a reference to the Garfields, which cannot fail to attract attention in American genealogical circles. We are the more interested in noting the resolution of the House of Commons in 1642, granting Mr. Speaker's warrant to "Benjamin Garfield, of Middlesex, Esq., to go beyond the seas," that we had ourselves some time since pointed out the Middlesex Garfields as deserving

of attention in our notice of Mr. Foster's edition of the 'Visitation of Middlesex, 1663-4. Two generations of the Teddington Garfields registered in this Visitation bore the name of Benjamin. The first Benjamin, "of Clerkenwell, com. Middlesex, Gent.," was son of "Ralph Garfeild, of Kilsby, co. Northamp., Esq.," and married Elizabeth, d. and h. of John Elsden, by whom he was father of the second Benjamin, of "Tuddington [Teddington], com. Middlesex, Esq., and one of the Gent. Pensioners to K. Cha, 2." The second Benjamin married Frances Harborne, of Tackley, Oxfordshire, and their only issue surviving in 1663-4 was Mary, aged eight years. Which of these, if either (and the probabilities seem in favour of one of the two), was the Benjamin Garfield of the Resolution of 1642 we do not pretend to say, but would incline to the second. We must not omit to mention some charming illustrations of Apethorp, the olden seat of the Mildmays, and now of the Fanes, by representation, with its elegant geometrical ceilings, and the interesting

Jacobean screen in the parish church, the tall and elaborate monument of Lord Treasurer Burghley, at Stamford, and notes on Brackley Hospital and on "Burghley House by Stamford Town."

Walks in the Ardennes, edited by Percy Lindley, supplies a cheap illustrated guide to a romantic district, brought recently within easy reach of the English tourist.

MR. WILLIAM HUTT's latest catalogue, containing many items of interest to collectors, is issued from his new premises, 3, Hyde Street, New Oxford Street, W.

THE name Willis & Sotheran, previously borne by the firm, was substituted for Henry Sotheran & Co. in our notice of the recently published volume of catalogues.

WITH sincere regret we announce the death of Mr. John Eglington Bailey, F.S.A., a well-known antiquary and a frequent contributor to our columns. He wrote many valuable papers for the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society and other learned bodies, and was at one time secretary of the Chetham Society. Mr. Bailey was in his forty-ninth year.

THE Lambeth Palace Library will be closed for the recess for six weeks from the 30th ult.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

THOMAS HARRISON ("Colique "). -"Doleur intense siégant dans les entrailles " (Littré). This is the meaning the word now bears. The other meaning you mention is not given.