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remedy for the manor of Eskelby, in the county of York, whereof the said Thomas de Helbeck was outed by the great power of Andrew de Arcla, which by forfeit are devolved into the King's hands. It is answered, Let certain persons in the Chancery be assigned to enquire," &c. -Rot. Parl., vol. ii. p. 437.

In the Pipe Roll for co. York, 13 Edw. III. (1339), there is mention of land in Eskelby "which was of John Harcla, in the custody of the King by reason of the minority of the heir of the said John," demised from Easter 5 Edw. III. up to the lawful age of the heir (Dodsworth MSS., vol. xvii. fol. 170b); and two years later we again meet with old acquaintances, for by deed witnessed by Nicholas de Langton, Mayor of York, on June 20, 1342, Henry de Harcla, Knt., son and heir of John de Harcla, quit claims to the Master of St. Leonard's at York, John de Thornton, and Alexander de Eggeburgh all his interest in this property. It is worth mentioning that in 1392, just fifty years later, and seventy-six years after the settlement made by John de Helbek in 1316 on John de Cauncefield and his wife, another John de Cauncefield is found as one of the defendants in a suit brought by one Richard de Eskelby, the subject of which, beyond the fact that it relates to lands in Yorkshire, cannot now be discovered.

TEA AND SCANDAL.

H. D. E.

In reading Congreve's 'Way of the World' lately I was amused to find how soon tea became popularly associated with scandal, a partnership which has, I fancy, not even yet been dissolved. Mirabell, in Act IV. scene i., says to Mrs. Millamant :"Lastly, to the dominion of the tea-table I submit but with proviso, that you exceed not in your province; but restrain yourself to native and simple tea-table drinks, as tea, chocolate, and coffee: as likewise to genuine and authorised tea-table talk-such as mending of fashions, spoiling reputations, railing at absent friends, and so forth."

As tea was at the date of the play (1700) comparatively new, and was even then an expensive luxury, it would seem that there must be a natural sympathy between tea and scandal. Can any one point out a still earlier allusion to the union of this happy pair"?

A friend, to whom I mentioned the above passage, asks me, "Why did our forefathers invariably speak of a dish of tea?" I suppose there was no reason other than sic volebat usus. When did people begin to speak of a cup of tea? They must have begun by Cowper's time-"the cups that cheer but not inebriate," in 'The Task,' 1785. Did our ancestors ever say "a dish of coffee"? Pope, in 'The Rape of the Lock,' canto iii., speaking of coffee, says, "And frequent cups prolong the rich repast." A passing character in 'The Way of the World,' I. ii., orders "two dishes of chocolate." The Retired Citizen, in the three

hundred and seventeenth Spectator, in his delightfully "fusionless " diary, notes that he had "a dish of Twist" at the coffee-house. What was this? There is a coarse tobacco called "Twist"; but did our forefathers at any period speak of a dish of tobacco?

The French as a nation are not, and I suppose · never were, great tea-drinkers; and yet the poet Jacques Delille (ob. 1813), who seems to have been as domestic in his tastes and habits as Cowper, in a passage in his poem 'Les Trois Règnes,' quoted in Chapsal's 'Modèles de Littérature Française,' mentions tea and coffee as though he considered them entitled to equal honours :

Mon coeur devient-il triste et ma tête pesante, Eh bien pour ranimer ma gaîté languissante, La fève de Moka, la feuille de Canton, Vont verser leur nectar dans l'émail du Japon. Dans l'airain échauffé déjà l'onde frissonne, Bientôt le thé doré jaunit l'eau qui bouillonne, Ou des grains du Levant je goûte le parfum. In another passage Delille breaks out into absolute enthusiasm over coffee :

C'est toi, divin café, dont l'aimable liqueur, Sans altérer la tête, épanouit le coeur. Whether this couplet was written before or after 'The Task,' I do not know. It is curiously like the well-known passage I have quoted above. Delille was well read in English literature; he translated 'Paradise Lost' and the 'Essay on Man'; but it may be merely a coincidence. Again :

Viens donc, divin nectar, viens donc, inspire-moi, Je ne veux qu'un désert, mon Antigone, et toi. We must remember that it was French-made coffee that inspired these lines. A single cup of average English coffee would have quenched the poet's enthusiasm effectually.

Ropley, Alresford.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

P.S.-Since writing the above I have met with " a dish of coffee" in Swift's ' Polite Conversation.' dish of tea" more than once. Meg Dods, in 'St. Ronan's Well,' speaks of "a

DUMB-BELL.-It seems strange that this name should have been given to a thing which has not the slightest resemblance to a bell. In 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. xii. 45, SIGMA says that the origin of the name is probably little known. It comes "by analogy from a machine consisting of a heavy flywheel with a rope passing through and around a spindle projecting from one side, secured by stanchions, and set in motion like a church bell, till it acquired sufficient impetus to carry the gymnast up and down." SIGMA adds that a specimen of the machine, no longer in use, existed at New College, Oxford. It was probably such an apparatus as that described by Addison in No. 115 of the Spectator (1711). He says:

"I exercise myself an hour every morning upon a

dumb-bell that is placed in a corner of my room, and pleases me the more because it does everything I require of it in the most profound silence. My landlady and her daughters are so well acquainted with my hours of exercise, that they never come into my room to disturb me whilst I am ringing."

Franklin, writing to a friend in 1787 ('Life of Benjamin Franklin,' &c., by Bigelow, 1881, vol. iii. p. 370), speaks of his using a machine similar, apparently, to that mentioned in the Spectator. He says:

I live temperately, drink no wine, and use daily the exercise of the dumb-bell." Observe, not dumb-bells. By the beginning of the present century the dumb-bells as we now know them had come into use. In 'The Miseries of Human Life,' 1807, p. 38, Mr. Sensitive enumerates among exercises "to keep yourself alive......rolling the gravel walks......cutting wood......working the dumb-bells, or some such irrational exertions."

That the use of what we now call a dumb-bell should have superseded the cumbersome machine above described is natural enough; but it is curious that a name quite applicable to the machine should have been transferred to an implement utterly unlike it, merely because both were used with the same object of aiding bodily exercise.

J. DIXON.

And yet it so appear'd in nothing more,
Than in his Private last Retreat:
For 'tis a stranger thing to find

One Man of such a Glorious mind,
As can despise the Power he has got,
Than Millions of the Sots and Braves,
Those despicable Fools and Knaves,
Who such a pudder made,
Through dulness and mistake,

In seeking after Power, and get it not.
4.

When all the Nation he has won,
And with expence of Blood had bought
Store great enough he thought
Of Fame and of Renown,

He then his Arms laid down,
With full as little Pride

As if he had been of the Enemy's side, Or one of them could do that were undone. He neither Wealth nor Places sought, For others, not himself he fought;

He was content to know,

For he had found it so,

That when he pleas'd to Conquer, he was able,
And leave the Spoil and Plunder to the Rabble.
He might have been a King,
But yet he understood
How much it is a meaner thing

To be unjustly Great, than Honourably good,

5.

This from the World did Admiration draw,
And from his Friends both Love and awe :
Remembring what he did in Fight before.
His Foes lov'd him too,

As they were bound to do,

Because he was Resolv'd to fight no more.
So blest of all, he dy'd;

But far more blest were we,

If we were sure to live till we could see

A man as great in War, as Just in Peace as he.
EDWARD HAILSTONE.

A POPULAR DELUSION.-As a story as false as the sinking of the Vengeur is taking root in the congenial soil of the religious feelings of the British middle classes, ‘N. & Q.' should at once "spot" the photograph of the "Bishop of St. Alban's expounding the Bible to the Princess of Wales," which is now sold in the fancy shops, surrounded by an elaborate illuminated text. Any one can see that the book which forms the centre of the group is not a Bible, and the illuminati know that it is a photographic album. It is a pity that the princess's kindly feeling towards the venerable prelate should be perverted into such a piece of religious bad EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

taste.

Hastings.

HOW POPULAR INFORMATION IS ACQUIRED.— I take the following from the Scottish People, May 26. Its charming ingenuity opens out quite a new and promising field for etymologists :

"Tin-can: Can-teen.-As a curious illustration of the changes words undergo that of canteen may be cited. It is, as everybody knows, a vessel in which soldiers during a campaign carry water or other fluids. When the Duke of Marlborough's army was in Flanders they called this vessel a tin can. The French adopted