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CONTENTS.-N° 156.

prize offered for an "Essay towards the Conversion of Learned and Philosophical Hindus." He also translated for the "Library of the Fathers" St. NOTES:-Last Believer in the Phoenix, 481-Early English Chrysostom's 'Homilies on St. Paul's Epistle to and Late Gothic, 482-Broadside Ballad-Bibliography of Christmas, 493-Christmas Trees - Barring Out-Muffling the Romans,' and published a didactic poem in Bells during Advent-A Family Pastime, 484-Hottentot blank verse entitled 'Nature a Parable.' He joined Folk-lore Tales To hunt the clean boot"-Chaucer, Pro- the Roman Catholic Church about 1846, and died logue,' 485- Humphrey Repton - Sturt's 'Chronological History'-Silly Billy-Quotation from Dante, 486-" Sneck a few years ago. As it was with his full consent posset"-Naming a Horse-Open-air Courts, 487. that I published the note quoted above, I have no QUERIES:-Chymer-Lieut.-Col. Whitelocke-Seals-Daniel reason to think that he would have objected to my Vinecombe-Fanny Kemble - Harrison-Date of ClockKissing under Mistletoe, 487 - Women as Teachers St. sending to ' N. & Q.' the following letter, giving in Peter's, Cornhill-Proverb-Sir R. Cox-Origin of Roses-detail the reasons for his belief; after the perusal John Roberts-Westgate-Wellington Roundheads-Bears- of which your readers may perhaps consider the wood Green, 488- Cromwell Family-Vase-Springs in Anglesey-Lord Wolseley-Old Song-Kingsley: Neville- writer as great a wonder as the phoenix itself; or, as one of his friends neatly put it, “Phoenix or no phoenix, there certainly was only one Jack Morris ":-

Rolling a Ball-Flint Flakes, 489.

REPLIES:-Court of Assize held at Market Cross-Northamptonshire Bell-founder, 490 - Compass-plant-SalmonScott on Coleridge-November the Fifth, 491-"Turtle" for "Tortoise "-Salve Regina'- Slate Gravestones-Golden Horn, 492-Sirloin - Judge Best-Tailed Englishman Cerago-Mrs. Siddons as Mary Stuart-Byron- Old gold," 493-Quotation from Cicero-Chep of a Plough-Stars and Stripes-Idiot, 494-German and English in Hebrew Letters -Invasion of England-Charge of English and French Regiments, 495-Amsterdam Coffee-House-Herrick-Moonspots-Heraldry, 496-Mercury-Snow in July-Owen's Weekly Chronicle'- Chevy - Heraldic - Budæus-Cheat Bread-Death of Charles I., 497-Corkous-Roke-' English Dialect Dictionary-Dictionary Desiderata-Sons of Ed

ward III.-Ode-Tea and Scandal, 498.

NOTES ON BOOKS:-Lowe's Colley Cibber'- Phillott's

⚫ Hereford.'

Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Notes.

THE LAST BELIEVER IN THE PHOENIX. Nearly fifty years ago I wrote an article on the Phoenix' in the 'Penny Cyclopædia.' It was literary and historical rather than philosophical; and, after enumerating the different writers who had mentioned the bird in more or less detail, I said that probably one of the last believers in its existence was Alexander Ross, who is now best known from the lines in 'Hudibras ':

He was a very great philosopher, Who had read Alexander Ross over. To this remark I appended the following note :"The writer wishes it to be recorded for the information of posterity, that, since writing the above sentence, he has found at Oxford a very learned scholar, who at this very time (June, 1840) seriously believes in the existence of the phoenix."

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First, then, the external evidence for it is great, and Bp. Butler says that very strong improbability may be overcome by almost any proof (see 'Anal.,' p. 238*). Yet he allows that there may be such a thing as an account being confuted by internal improbability.

These two, then, have to be balanced, and that there is great external evidence you may see in Fell's note to St. Clement i. 25, p. 161 of my Coteler. All that I add to this, then, is, that holding as I do that the great men of all times were, so far as they were great, inspired in their wisdom, their concurring testimony is one which one seems bound, upon this view, to pay great deference to. If all great men believed it, the proof would be a moral demonstration, so to say; if the majority do, it is proof of the same kind, &c., &c.

II. The internal improbability, then, is what, in my judgment (and this is what you wished to know), will overthrow the belief, if anything does. But this improbability, it ought to be allowed, is not near so strong the moment we know of the weight of external testimony; because the tendency of external testimony is this, viz., to overcome any amount of internal improbability, i. e., to diminish it in proportion to the strength

of the said external evidence.

We have then a presumption, say a very strong one, againt the Phoenix; but external evidence has already given the said presumption a tremendous punch, and so the said presumption is less qualified for keeping us from believing. To resort to my old tricks,

x

8'

Let x ex-ternal evidence for, y-internal improbability. Bp. Butler would say 2x=2,000y, i, e., is able to overcome it. Now say the weight of external testimony on this particular case is If this were so it would follow that the whole amount of internal improbability is not 2,000y, but 2,000y-250y, i.e., the improbability will have become one-eighth less by the influence of the favorable external testimony.

I have lately thought that this fact is so remarkable that it deserves to be brought forth from its hiding-place in a note in the 'Penny Cyclopædia,' where it was never likely to attract attention, and Well, this being so (to my own mind, mind), the into be placed in some well-known receptacle of lite-ternal improbability is to be treated, not as if it was in rary curiosities, like 'N. & Q.' I also think that full vigor, but as already considerably browbeaten. So, there is now no impropriety in saying that the if you will, you may allow for this; if not, I will just "learned scholar" alluded to was the Rev. J. B. mention other things which seem to me to lessen the internal improbability. Morris, commonly called by his friends (of whom I was one) "Jack Morris." He was a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and in 1842 gained the

I. It seems from SS. that the whole animal creation is

Pt. ii, chap. ii., near the end.

involved in, interested in, affected by the dispensations of GOD in regard to man, as in plagues, wars, &c. (Jerem. xxi. 6, &c., &c., &c.), consequently, if vast alterations have taken place in regard to man, the presumption is that vast alterations must take place in all connected with him. Hence, if an animal existed which served a particular prophetical function, when the reality had been in One Person, there might be no more need of it, and so it might become extinct, if it is extinct. If the whole brute creation were deprived of their faculty of being Sacrifices by Christ's coming, why might not other alterations as strange have happened in regard to them? -alterations which we are disposed to pass over, but which upon consideration do seem to show something very wonderful to exist in this portion of the world. Who would have thought à priori that some species of animals should be gifted with foresight so superior to that of man? And if this foresight may be given to beasts, why might not it, or they who exercised it, be removed, especially as in regard to man it is removed; there are no prophets now.

II. We know so little of the whole system of the brute creation, that our ignorance does seem to me to weaken internal improbabilities to any well-attested fact in regard to it, almost to an incredible degree.

III. The real reason of men's strong presumption against it is, I suppose, that they think the animal creation to be something fixed and to keep pretty near to a given set of laws. Now a Phoenix riddles these altogether, therefore it is improbable. This seems to me unsound reasoning, since all dispensations of Providence with which we are acquainted contain anomalies in them, and so the anomalousness of the Phonix seems to be almost positive evidence to induce one to believe it. If men had asserted that there were a whole creation of anomalous animals, such an assertion would have made me suspect their veracity; but as it is asserted of one only it makes for their veracity, since there are anomalies.

I have put down two or three things that come to mind, "Malim tantis auspiciis errare," as Fell says, which I think states a most important principle in the philosophy of evidence.

However it may be said, "But, after all, the Fathers were not naturalists, &c., therefore your external evidence goes for nothing." To this I answer: that it seems to me to be credible, that, when they speak in a body, they would be led into truth generally, rather than the contrary. Therefore to assume this was a mistake is not fair, unless you can prove that they were not so led in this case; but waiving this, there were sundry naturalists who did think with them according to Fell, not to mention Jews, and the Chinese, and the acute Tacitus. How are these to be got over by the objector? Is not the external evidence for the Phoenix greater than that for the darkness at the Crucifixion? Have not infidels denied the latter on the score of the ignorance or enthusiasm of those who do witness for it, and the want of heathen testimony for it? They, not knowing the whole of the case through want of faith, think the darkness internally improbable, and so set themselves against the external evidence for it. We, through want of knowledge of the whole of the case, may be similarly disposed to unbelief, though in a much less important matter.

But I end my incoherences.
Yours ever truly,
[June? 1840.]

J. B. MORRIS. W. A. G.

EARLY ENGLISH AND LATE GOTHIC.

Several years ago I was in a country churchyard, engaged in making a sketch of the church, which

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was a very picturesque specimen of the Early English style, with transepts, south aisle, south porch, and lofty double bell-gable. One of the oldest inhabitants crossed the churchyard, and stopped to talk to me. I knew him well, as one who in his prime had been the village carpenter. I said to him, "It is very evident that there must have been at least six stone crosses in this church, and yet not one of the six remains. Usually we should find fragments of some of the crosses, evenif one or two had been so badly mutilated as to be almost destroyed; but in this church there is not the slightest evidence of any one of the six crosses, except the bases on which they formerly stood. Did you ever happen to hear in your youth, or at any later time, of any occurrence that would account for the total disappearance of these six crosses?"

"Yes, sir," replied the old man. "I can tell you all about it, for I knocked down all the six crosses myself!

"You knocked them all down yourself!" I gasped, in horrific astonishment.

"Yes, sir; all by myself. I had no one to help me." The old man said this with a smirk of satisfaction.

66

"And how many years' penal servitude did they give you at the assizes?" I inquired. 'For, of course, your crime was discovered."

Oh, sir, it was never meant to be an assize case, or I shouldn't have had a hand in it. It was all the rector's doings, old Mr. Connorclast, whose tomb you'll see up in the chancel. I did his carpentering; and one day that I was with him in this churchyard, he said to me, pointing up to the crosses, 'John,' says he, 'I can't have this Popery no more. You must get your ladders, and get up to all them crosses, and break them all off into little bits, so that nobody shall see them any more. Those were his words, sir; and the very next morning I had got my ladders there the first thing, and before night I had knocked all the six crosses to bits; and very pleased Mr. Connorclast was with my day's work."

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I subsequently discovered that the date of this true story was about the year 1825. "I could not say to a year or two," said the old man, "but it house; and I saved two of the ornamental bits to was nigh upon the time when I got into my new make me the ends of a door-scraper.' The rector died in the year 1827, so that the destruction of the six Early English crosses was one of the last official acts of his ministerial life. The village at that date had a resident squire, who was a titled person. The rector had held his post for thirty years; he was wealthy and charitable, was supposed to possess all the virtues, arts, sciences, and ologies; and his words and acts were not disputed. As N. & Q.'s own Cap'en Cuttle would say, The point of this here anecdote lies in the application of it. CUTHBERT BEDE.

BROADSIDE BALLAD.

The following old song in ridicule of Pitt is printed as a broadside, with a few bars of music at the beginning to give the air. It is headed, "Bow Wow Wow. As sung by Mr. Hooke at the Anacreontic Society." Some curious expressions occur in the song, which are perhaps Americanisms, or may be intended to appear as such.

Sit down neighbours all, and I'll tell a merry story,
About a British Farmer, and Billy P-T the Tory,
I had it piping hot from Ebenezer Barber,

Who sailed right from England and lies in Boston har-
bour.

Chorus.

Bow wow wow, fal lal de id dy id dy, Bow wow wow.
This Billy he is called Britannia's Prime Ruler
Tho' he 's but a puppet that 's hung out to Fool her.
His name is a Passport to get in old Sinners,

So he deals the cards, that the Knaves may be winners.
He was bred up a Whig, but with Nabobs to thrive Sir,
Who have votes in the House, about two out of five Sir,
He gave up the people and vowed to his Scandal,
They should seek for their bread, without Daylight or
Candle.

Now it hap't to the Country he went for a blessing
And from his State Dad to get a new lesson.

He went to Daddy Jenky by Trimmer Hal attended,
In such company, good lack, how his morals must be
mended.

This Harry was always a staunch Friend to Boston.
His bowels were soft for they yearned for Hindostan.
If I had him in our Township I'd Feather him and Tar

him

With forty lacking one too, I'd Lam him and I'd scar
him.

With his Skin full of wine and his Head full of State
Tricks,

Sham reforms, Commutations, and the rest of his late
Tricks,

He came back with Harry, two birds of a feather,
And both Drunk as Pipers they knocked their Heads
together.

Now so it fell out that this pair were benighted,
And drove out of the road, so the statesmen alighted,
And to get in again away scrambled they Sir,
To find the back road to the King's Highway Sir.
Long lost in the dark were these lights of the Nation,
But stumbled at length on a small Habitation
To which they marched up, while the fowls in confusion
Thought their lives were aimed at by this bold intrusion.
The Dogs barked, the Ducks quacked, and sore Billy
baited,

The Wife she cries out, we be all ruinated.

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To drop on the Pate of this daring Philistine.

The Husband, awaked by her Rage and her Screaming,
At first he supposed that his Spouse must be dreaming.
But to make matters short, snatched his Gun in a Fury
And cried, Sons of Belial I've got what will cure ye.
Then Billy began for to make an Oration,
As oft times he had done to bamboozle the Nation,
But Hodge cried, begone or I'll crack thy young Crown
for 't,

Thou belongst to a rare gang of Rogues I'll be bound
for 't.

Now Hodge quoth his wife, don't you mind his lewd
bantring,

For certain he has under his coat a dark Lanthorn.
Shut the gate of the court, if he once gets within it,
I'll be bound, he'll whip up our back stairs, in a minute.
Then the wife she went on, can ye go for to say now,
Any good upon Earth made thee take this Bye way now.
Thou com'st to get foot in the House, that's the plan on 't,
And so let in thy Gang for to make what they can on 't.
Don't you hear how the brazen faced Rogue, now pre-
tends, Man,

He crept up in the Dark, but for Virtuous ends, Man.
He says he's our Friend, but he's no such a thing, Man,
The impudent Dog would say so to the King, Man.
Then Billy perceiving the Wife in a Fury,
And knowing his deeds wouldn't stand Woman's Jury,
Felt the Spirit of Jenky a dangerous Potion,
And roared out to Harry to speak for the Motion.
Then Harry stept up, but Hodge wisely supposing,
His part was to steal, while the other was prosing,
Let fly at poor Billy and shot through his lac'd Coat.
Oh what a pity 'twas it did not hit his Waistcoat.
Solid Men of Boston, banish strong potations,
Solid Men of Boston, make no long Örations,
Solid Men of Boston, go to bed at Sun down,
And never lose your way, like the Loggerheads of London.
Perhaps some Boston correspondent could say
if the song was ever known over there, or if
"Ebenezer Barber" had any existence outside
these verses.
W. H. PATTERSON.
Belfast.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHRISTMAS. (Continued from 6th S. vi. 506; viii. 491; x. 492; xii, 489; 7th S. ii. 502; iii. 152; iv. 502.)

Britannia Trivmphans: A Masque presented at Whitehall, by the Kings Majesty and his Lords, on the Sunday after Twelfth Night, 1637. By Inigo Jones and William Davenant. London. 4to. 1637. [Suppressed on account of the statement that it was acted on Sunday, Lowndes.]

Episcopus Puerorum in Die Innocentium, or a Discovery of an Antient Custom in the Church of Sarum of Making an Anniversarie Bishop among the Choristers. By John Gregory. 4to. 1649.

Sermon preached before the King and Queen at WhiteHall, on Christmas Day, 1691, by John Sharp, Archbishop of York. London. 4to., pp. 28. 1692.

Of the True Years of the Birth and of the Death of Christ. Two Chronological Dissertations. By Nicholas Mann, 8vo. 1733. [No doubt 1633, quoted from Lowndes 7th S. iv. 502, is an error.]

Christmas, a Poem. By Edward Moxon, 8vo. 1829. (Dedicated to Charles Lamb.)

Christmas Carols, with appropriate music, and an introductory account of the Christmas Carol. 4to. 1836. Songs and Carols, from a MS. in the British Museum of the fifteenth century. Edited by T. Wright, 8vo. 1856.

Christ was born on Christmas Day, a Carol, illustrated by J. A. Hows. 8vo. 1864.

May the Kirk keep Pasche and Yule? By Th. Leishman. Edinburgh. 1875.

Christmas under the Commonwealth. By Andrew Greame, in Wildridge's Hull Christmas Annual, 1887 pp. 70-2.

Yule Tide Stories. A Collection of Scandinavian and North German Popular Tales and Traditions, from the

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