of limited populations, 265; of
heredity, 266; of variation,
266; of change of physical con-
ditions, 266; of the equilibrium
of nature, 266; as opposed to
continual interference, 268.
LAYCOCK, Dr., on law of " uncon-
scious intelligence," 360.
LEAF BUTTERFLY, appearance and
habits of, 59-61.
LEPIDOPTERA, especially subject to
variation, 132.
LEPTALIS, species of mimic Heli-
conidæ, 82; gain a protection
thereby, 259.
LESTER, Mr. J. M., on wood-dove
LEVAILLANT, on formation of a
nest, 224.
Limenitis archippus, 88.
Limenitis limire, 172; procris, 172.
LIZARDS refusing certain moths
and caterpillars, 121; devour-
ing bees, 121.
LOCAL FORMS, 158.
LOCAL variation of form, 169; of
colour, 173; general remarks
on, 174; in Celebesian butter-
flies, probable use of, 175.
LOCUSTIDA, adaptive colouring of,
64.
LUMINOUSNESS of some insects a
protection, 71.
LYCENIDE, probable means of pro-
tection of, 176.
MAMMALS, mimicry among, 107.
MAN, does he build by reason or
imitation, 212; his works mainly
imitative, 225; antiquity of, 303,
322; difference of opinion as to
his origin, 304; unity or plural-
ity of species, 305; persistence
of type of, 306; importance of
mental and moral characters,
312; his dignity and supremacy,
324; his influence on nature,
326; his future development,
326; range of intellectual power
in, 339; rudiments of all the
higher faculties in savage, 341;
his feet and hands, difficulties
on the theory of natural selec-
tion, 349: his voice, 350; his
mental faculties, 351; difficulty
as to the origin of the moral
sense in, 352; development of,
probably directed by a superior
intelligence, 359.
MANTIDE, adaptive colouring of,
64; mimicking white ants, 98.
MALACODERMS, a protected group,
93.
MATTER, the nature of, 363; Mr.
Bayma on, 363; is force, 365.
MECHANITIS and Methona, mi-
micked by Leptalis, 83.
MECOCERUS, dimorphism of, 155.
Mecocerus gazella, 94.
MEGACEPHALON, 196.
MEGAPODIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 246.
MEROPOGON, 196.
Midas dives, 97.
MIMETA, mimicking Tropidorhyn-
chus, 104.
MIMICRY, meaning of the word,
74; theory of, 76; among Lepi-
doptera, 77; how it acts as a
protection, 80, 81; of other in-
sects by Lepidoptera, 89; among
beetles, 91; of other insects by
beetles, 95; of insects by species
of other orders, 97; among the
vertebrata, 99; among snakes,
101; among tree frogs, 103;
among birds, 103; among mam-
mals, 107; objections to the
theory of, 108; by female in-
sects, 110; among Papilionidæ,
179; never occurs in the male
only, 260.
MOMOTIDE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 241.
MONTROUZIER, M., on butterflies
of Woodlark Island, 152.
MORAL sense, difficulty as to the
origin of, 352.
MORPHOS, how protected, 73.
MURRAY, Mr. Andrew, objections
to theory of mimicry, 108.
MUSCICAPIDE, sexual colouring
and nidification of, 245.
MUSOPHAGIDÆ, sexual colouring
and nidification of, 242.
NAPEOGENES, all the species
are mimickers, 85.
NATURAL selection, the principle
stated, 41-43; general accept-
ance of the theory of, 46;
tabular demonstration of, 302;
outline of theory of, 307; its
effects on man and animals dif-
ferent, 311; hardly acts among
civilized societies, 330; what it
can not do, 333; cannot pro-
duce injurious or useless modi-
fications, 334.
NECTARINEIDÆ, 254.
NECYDALIDÆ, mimic Hymenop-
tera, 96.
Nemophas grayi, a Longicorn mi-
micked by a Longicorn, 95.
NESTS of Birds, why different,
215; of young birds, how built,
219; construction of, described
by Levaillant, 224; imperfec-
tions in, 229; influenced by
changed conditions and per-
sistent habits, 232; classification
of, according to function, 237.
NEW FORMS, how produced by
variation and selection, 286.
NEW GUINEA, relation of the seve-
ral Papuan islands to, 194.
NOCTURNAL animals, colours of,
OBEREA, species resemble Ten-
thredinidæ, 96.
Odontocera odyneroides, 96.
ODONTOCHEILA, 97.
Odynerus sinuatus, 90.
Onthophilus sulcatus, like a seed,
58.
Onychocerus scorpio, resembles
bark, 56.
ORANGE-TIP butterfly, protective
colouring of, 59.
ORCHIS, structure of an, explained
by natural selection, 271.
Orgyia antiqua and O. gonostigma,
autumnal colours of, 62.
ORIOLIDÆ, 253.
Ornithoptera priamus, 145, 173;
O. helena, 173.
Oxyrhopus petolarius, O. trigemi-
nus, O. formosus, 102.
OWEN, Professor, on more gene-
ralized structure of extinct ani-
mals, 298.
PACHYOTRIS fabricii, 96.
PACHYRHYNCHI, weevils mimicked
by Longicorns, 95.
PALEOTHERIUM, 299.
PALOPLOTHERIUM, 299.
PAPILIO, black and red group imi-
tated, 84.
Papilio achates, 147; P. adaman-
tius, 171; P. ænigma, 87; P.
agamemnon, 141, 158, 170, 171;
P. agestor, 180; P. alphenor,
148, 169; P. amanga, 151; P.
androcles, 171; P. androgeus, 88,
147, 180, 183; P. antiphates,
141, 171; P. antiphus, 87, 150,
170, 180, 183; P. aristæus, 171;
P. arjuna, 141; P. ascalaphus,
171; P. autolycus, 160; P. bathy-
cles, 141; P. blumei, 171; P.
brama, 171; P. caunus, 87, 179;
P. codrus, 160, 171; P. cöon, 88,
146, 180, 182; P. deiphobus, 140;
P. deiphontes, 171; P. delessertii,
180; P. demolion, 171; P. diphi-
lus, 87, 170, 180, 183; P. double-
dayi, 88, 180; P. elyros, 148; P.
encelades, 171; P. erectheus, 151;
P. euripilus, 160; P. evemon,
159; P. gigon, 171; P. glaucus,
152; P. hector, 87, 150, 180, 183;
P. helenus, 160, 171; P. hospi-
ton, 178; P. ideoides, 180; P.
jason, 159, 171; P. ledebouria,
148, P. leucothoë, 171; P. leoda-
mas, 170; P. liris, 87, 180, 184;
P. macareus, 179; P. machaon,
178; P. melanides, 148, 150; P.
memnon, 88, 140, 146, 147, 152,
180, 183; P. milon, 171; P. ne-
phelus, 140; P, nicanor, 170; P
œnomaus, 88, 180, 184; P. onesi-
mus, 151; P. ormenus, 150, 152,
182; P. pammon, 147, 152, 170,
180; P. pamphylus, 171; P.
pandion, 152, 180; P. paradoxa,
87, 179; P. peranthus, 160, 171;
P. pertinax, 145; P. philoxenus,
182; P. polydorus, 88, 170, 182;
P. polytes, 147, 148; P. rhesus,
171; P. romulus, 87, 148, 150,
183; P. sarpedon, 141, 158, 171;
P. sataspes, 171; P. severus,
140, 144; P. theseus, 87, 148,
150, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183: P.
thule, 179; P. torquatus, 156;
P. turnus, 152; P. ulysses, 140,
160, 173; P. varuna, 88.
PAPILIONIDE, the question of their
rank, 133; peculiar characters
possessed by, 134; peculiarly
diurnal, 136; compared with
groups of mammalia, 138; dis-
tribution of, 140; large forms
of Celebes and Moluccas, 168;
large forms of Amboyna, 169;
local variation of form, 169;
arrangement of, 186; geogra-
phical distribution of, 189; of
Indo-Malay and Austro-Malay
regions, 192; of Java, Suma-
tra, and Borneo, 193.
PARIDE, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 243.
PASSENGER pigeon, cause of its
great numbers, 308.
PATENT inventions, as illustrating
classification, 295.
Phacellocera batesii, mimics one of
the Anthribidæ.
Phalaropus fulicarius, 115, 251.
PHASMIDE, imitate sticks and
twigs, 64; females resembling RACES, or subspecies, 160; of
PHYLLIUM, Wonderful protective
colour and form of, 64.
PHYSALIA, 258.
PIERIDE, local modification of
PIERIS, females only imitating
Heliconidæ, 112.
Pieris coronis, 172; eperia, 172.
Pieris pyrrha, 113.
PICIDE, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 242.
PIPRIDE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245.
PITTIDE, 253.
Pliocerus equalis, 101; P. elapoides,
P. euryzonus, 102.
Paciloderma terminale, 93.
POLARITY, Forbes' theory of, 17,
POLYMORPHISM, 145; illustration
of, 157.
POPULATION of species, law of, 28;
does not permanently increase,
29; not determined by abun-
dance of offspring, 29; checks
to, 30; difference in the case of
cats and rabbits explained, 32.
PREVISION, a case of, 122.
PRIONITURUS, 196.
PROTECTION, various modes in
which animals obtain it, 69-71,
258; greater need of, in female
insects and birds, 113.
PROTECTIVE Colouring, theory of,
65.
PSITTACI (Parrots), sexual colour-
ing and nidification of, 242.
PTEROSAURIA, 298.
PTYCHODERES, 94.
man, origin of, 319.
REDBREAST and woodpigeon, pro-
tective colouring of, 53, 54.
REPRESENTATIVE groups, 9; of Tro-
gons, butterflies, &c., 12.
REPTILES, protective colouring of,
54.
RHAMPHASTIDÆ, sexual colouring
and nidification of, 242.
RHINOCEROS, 299.
RIVER system, as illustrating self-
adaptation, 276.
ROSES, Mr. Baker on varieties of,
165.
RUDIMENTARY organs, 23.
SALVIN, Mr. Osbert, on a case of
bird mimicry, 107.
Saturnia pavonia-minor, protective
colouring of larva of, 63.
SATYRIDE, probable means of pro-
tection of, 176.
SAUROPTERYGIA, 299.
SAVAGES, why they become extinct,
319; undeveloped intellcct of,
339, 341; intollect of, compared
with that of animals, 341, 343;
protect their backs from rain,
346.
SCANSORIAL birds, nests of, 238.
SCAPHURA, 98.
SCISSIROSTRUM, 165.
SCOPULIPEDES, brush-legged bees,
91.
SCUDDER, Mr., on fossil insects, 301.
SCUTELLERIDÆ, mimicked by Long-
icorns, 96.
Sesia bombiliformis, 90.
SESIIDE, mimic Hymenoptera, 90.
SEXES, Comparative importance of,
in different classes of animals,
111; diverse habits of, 156.
SEXUAL SELECTION, 156; its nor-
mal action to develop colour in
both sexes, 247; among birds,
283.
SIDGWICK, Mr. A., on protective
colouring of moths, 62.
SIMOCYONIDÆ, 300.
SITTA, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 243.
SITTELLA, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 243.
SNAKES, mimicry among, 101.
SONG of birds, instinctive or imita-
tive, 220.
SPECIES, law of population of, 28;
abundance or rarity of, depend-
ent on the adaptation to condi-
tions, 33; definition of, 141,
161; the range and constancy
of, 143; extreme variation in,
163, 164.
SPEED of animals, limits of, 292.
Sphecia craboniforme, 90.
Sphecomorpha chalybea, 96.
SPHEGIDE, mimicked by flies, 97.
SPIDERS, which mimic ants, 98;
and flower buds, 99.
Spilosoma menthastri, 88.
STAINTON, Mr., on moths rejected
by turkeys, 78, 88.
STALACHTIS, a genus of Erycinidæ,
the object of mimicry, 84.
STINGING insects generally conspi-
cuously coloured, 72.
STREPTOCITTA, 196.
STURNIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 244.
STURNOPASTOR, 239.
ST. HELENA, 10.
Streptolabis hispoides, 93.
STRUGGLE for existence, 28, 33.
SURVIVAL of the fittest, law of,
stated, 33; its action in deter-
mining colour, 67.
SWAINSON'S circular and quinarian
SYLVIADE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245
SYNAPTA, 258.
TACHORNIS phænicobea, 228.
Tachyris hombronii, 172; ithome,
172; lycaste, 172; lyncida, 172;
nephele, 172; nero, 172; zarinda,
172.
TANAGRIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245.
TELEPHORI, similar colouring of
two sexes, 114.
TEMPERATE and cold climates fa-
vourable to civilization, 318.
THECODONTIA, 299.
THERATES, mimicked by Hetero-
mera, 95.
Thyca descombesi, 172; hyparete,
172; rosenbergii, 172; zebuda,
172.
TIGER, adaptive colouring of, 52.
TIMES newspaper on Natural Selec-
tion, 296.
TOOLS, importance of, to man,
314.
TREE FROGS, probable mimicry by,
103.
TRIMEN, Mr., on rank of the Papi-
lionidæ, 136.
TRISTRAM, Rev. H., on colours of
desert animals, 50.
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