of any academic survey, since through employment experience one is able to check results. To have such information right at hand while one is doing placement work is invaluable. For instance, there comes in a one-armed man who is a shoemaker. Our file shows us at once that experienced men with but one arm can be used in this industry sorting leather, at coloring the heels and edges of shoes, at dressing leather on finished shoes, at pasting the edges of shoe uppers and at cutting. The man is amazed that such opportunities exist for him. How successful we will be in placing him after we have discovered his niche is purely a matter of employment efficiency.

A second fact the experiment pointed out is the need for individual work with the applicants. Each man must be thoughtfully studied as a relief worker does in case work. The man must not think he is being made a 'case' for he will resent being treated as though he came for charity when he comes for employment. For this reason it is absolutely essential that the employment bureau should not do relief work. Our experience has indicated that without the investigational facilities of the organized charitable societies, that we are apt to make all the usual mistakes. We gave to those who did not need it, and often those who were deserving were not helped. We are in the closest and most friendly cooperation with the organized charities of the city and find that they are willing to give relief where we suggest it. In the public bureaus the positions open each day are posted on a bulletin board and the applicants scramble up to the desk if they are interested in the opportunity open. Such a method is of course useless in dealing with cripples. Each problem is so unique that it must be studied individually from every viewpoint that gives light on the industrial usefulness of the man.

It is absolutely essential that the employment worker differentiate between the placeable and the unplaceable. We found in starting the bureau that we spent so much time on one or two men that many others were neglected. Unfortunately, there are always a number of men who cannot be placed. The problem is not to spend endless time in sending them to jobs

for which they are unsuitable, but rather to find out the proper relief workshop where they can obtain employment, or to refer them to the charitable organizations which will provide homes for them. The placement workers should be able to judge whether the applicant is suitable for employment or not. In this way, the handicapped employment bureau can really be a work test.

Fourth, the experiment pointed out that a handicapped employment bureau cannot be successful unless it is organized according to the most modern and efficient business methods. It is more important that the technique of this kind of bureau be perfect than that of the usual bureau, because the type of applicants we have are naturally not as desirable as those at the ordinary bureau and unless our service is more efficient we cannot expect employers to ever give us a second trial. It is only by having the most efficient office routine, that we can allow all the energies of the placement workers to be given to the really big job-that of vocational guidance.

Probably the most important lesson which has been taught us by the experience of the Federation bureau while at Hudson Guild was the necessity that the crippled worker be trained if he is to make a livelihood. It is difficult to place a skilled cripple but it is much more difficult to place a cripple who has no particular industrial equipment. No employment bureau for cripples can be efficient unless it is closely tied up with continuation, trade, and evening classes for the handicapped. There is no solution to this problem in placing unskilled men as watchmen, doormen, and elevator operators. Unless we can make cripples skilled we cannot make them self-supporting. It is natural that if an employer has two unskilled workers-one crippled and one not-when the dull season comes he will naturally discharge the handicapped man. With the skilled cripple the proposition of course, is utterly different. Some men can be placed immediately at work where they will learn a trade, but in most cases it is essential that the cripple receive preliminary training before entering industry, if he is to become in the future a self-supporting citizen.

Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, 311 Fourth Avenue. Employee's report on work place.