the purpose of corruptly influencing the vote of an elector is treating. It is also treating for an elector to accept any such thing corruptly.

Undue Influence.-Directly or indirectly to use, or threaten to use, any force, violence, or restraint, or to inflict, or threaten to inflict, any injury, damage, harm, or loss, as an inducement to vote or refrain from voting is undue influence. It is also undue influence by any fraudulent device to impede the free exercise of the franchise of any elector.

Personation. To apply for a ballot paper in the name of some other person, living, dead, or fictitious, or, having once voted, to apply at the same election for a ballot paper in one's own name, is personation.

[NOTE.-Under 48 & 49 Vict. c. 23, in a borough divided into divisions, the election for two or more of such divisions is deemed to be the same election within the meaning of the enactments relating to personation (s. 13, sub-s. (4)). It would appear, therefore, to be personation for a voter to apply for a ballot paper in his own name in (A) division of such a borough if he had already voted in (B) division.

It is also a corrupt practice of equal degree to aid, abet, counsel, or procure the commission of the offence of personation.

ILLEGAL PRACTICES.

It is an illegal practice :—

(1) To pay or contract to pay for the conveyance of electors to or from the poll.

(2) To pay or contract to pay for the exhibition of bills, addresses, or notices.

(3) To pay or contract to

pay for any committee-room. (4) To pay any election expense, or make any advance or deposit, in respect of any election expense otherwise than through the election agent.

(5) To pay any money provided for any election expenses, otherwise than to the candidate or his election agent.

PENALTIES.

Bribery, treating, and undue influence are misdemeanours punishable with one year's imprisonment, with or without hard labour, or with a fine of 2007.

Personation, or the aiding, abetting, counselling, or procuring personation, is a felony punishable with two years' imprisonment with hard labour.

The commission of any of the above offences involves, besides, incapacity for voting at any election in the United Kingdom, or holding any public office for a period of seven years.

Illegal practices are punishable with a fine of 100%., and incapacity for voting at any election within the county [or borough] for a period of five years.

Offenders are further liable to pay the costs of any proceedings before an election Court.

NOTE.-It is the duty of the Public Prosecutor [the Lord Advocate in Scotland, and the Attorney-General in Ireland] upon information to make inquiries and institute such prosecutions as the circumstances appear to him to require.

NOTE.-It is also an illegal practice, rendering the person who commits it liable to the foregoing penalties applicable to illegal practices, for anyone to vote, or to induce any person to vote, knowing that he or such person is prohibited by statute; also to publish knowingly a false statement of the withdrawal of a candidate, for the purpose of promoting the election of another candidate.

Committee Rooms.

I. NUMBER.

The number of committee-rooms that may be hired is as follows:

(1.) In a Borough.

One committee-room for every complete five hundred electors in the constituency, and, if there is a number of electors over and above any complete five hundred or complete five hundreds of electors, then one committeeroom for such number, although not amounting to a complete five hundred (46 & 47 Vict. c. 51, sched. 1, pt. 2, cl. 6).

Thus, for example, there would be allowed

(2.) In a County.

(a) One central committee-room.

(b) One committee-room for each polling district in the constituency, and where the number of electors in a polling district exceeds five hundred, one additional committee-room for every complete five hundred electors in such polling district over and above the first five hundred (ib. cl. 7).

Thus, for example, there would be allowed