Klopp v. Water-works Co.

resided at Council Bluffs, but appeared in Omaha a few hours each day for the transaction of business. The railway company that he represented had no property in this state, but the agent transacted all the business of the company at Omaha, and it was held that he was a managing agent upon whom service might be made. This decision was cited and approved in C., B. & Q. R. Co. v. Manning, 23 Neb., 558. Now, suppose a foreign corporation comes into this state and purchases goods to be paid for here, must the seller go into another state or perhaps to a foreign country to recover for the same? This is true if service cannot be had upon the corporation in the state, then the seller must bring his action where service can be had. But a person who has authority to contract a debt for the corporation within this state, is so far the managing agent within the state, that service may be had upon him for that debt, that will bind the corporation. The agent is commissioned to contract the debt, and the corporation thereby secures the benefit of his services. It must also take the burden of being liable to an action therefor. It will be observed that neither the motion nor the affidavit negative the fact that the debt was contracted here, or that Soper was the managing agent in this state. It is probable that the motion to dismiss is too broad, and is a general appearance, but we need not decide that question. The judgment of the district court is reversed, and that of the county court reinstated, and the cause is remanded to the district court for further proceedings.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

THE other judges concur.

Boyer v. Cox.

GEORGE BOYER V. GEORGE E. Cox.

[FILED JUNE 11, 1892,]

1. Special Damages. Held, That the claim for special damages was frivolous and failed to show a liability of the defendant.

2. Measure of Damages: BREACH OF CONTRACT OF SALE. Where the articles contracted for may be purchased in open market the measure of damages on breach of an agreement is the market price on the day appointed for delivery less the contract price when the latter is not paid.

ERROR to the district court for Lancaster county. Tried below before CHAPMAN, J.

Davis & Hibner, for plaintiff in error, cited, as to the measure of damages: Mc Cormick Har. Co. v. Jensen, 29 Neb., 102; Benj., Sales, 1335; Sleuter v. Wallbaum, 45 Ill., 44; Burnham v. Roberts, 70 Id., 19; Wise v. Foster, 62 Ia., 114; Parsons v. Sutton, 66 N. Y., 92; Chadwick v. Butler, 28 Mich., 349; Gray v. Hall, 29 Kan., 704; Marsh v. McPherson, 105 U. S., 709.

Chas. H. Foxworthy, and Adams & Scott, contra, cited, contending for the rule allowing special damages: Benj., Sales, 1336; Messmore v. Shot & Lead Co., 40 N. Y., 422; Griffen v. Colver, 16 Id., 489.

MAXWELL CH. J.

This is an action for breach of contract. The contract is as follows:

"This is an agreement between Geo. W. Boyer and Geo. E. Cox, in which Geo. W. Boyer agrees to sell to Geo. E. Cox 3,000 bushels of corn, to be delivered at the yards of the F., E. & M. V. R. R. at Lincoln; 1,000 bushels or more of said corn to be delivered in November, 1887, and the

Boyer v. Cox.

balance in December, 1887; and Geo. E. Cox agrees to pay to Geo. W. Boyer twenty-nine cents per bushel for the 3,000 bushels of corn, with a note signed by him, and payable to said Geo. W. Boyer, and said note to be given January 1, 1888, and payable June 1, 1888, and drawing interest at the rate of eight per cent per annum.

"GEO. W. BOYER.

"GEO. E. Cox."

It is admitted that Boyer delivered to Cox 2,112 bushels of corn in pursuance of the agreement, and the attorneys in the case entered into the following stipulation:

"It is admitted that the defendant sold and agreed to deliver to the plaintiff in Lincoln, Neb., 3,000 bushels of corn at twenty-nine cents per bushel; that of this amount there has been delivered 2,112 bushels, of the value of $612.48, at the contract price, and of this sum there has been paid in a note $435, in hogs $89.07, total $523.07, leaving a balance due the defendant from the plaintiff for corn sold and delivered of $89.40; and said amount, with eight per cent interest thereon from the first day of March, 1888, is an offset against any sum found due the plaintiff in this suit; that the number of bushels of corn sold and not delivered is 888; and the difference between the contract price and the price at which the defendant alleges he agreed to settle would entitle the plaintiff to a credit on the purchase price due of $97.68; that the above agreement as to the facts stated shall not prohibit either party from introducing testimony upon any facts not above stipulated, or in any manner prejudice the right of either party except as to the facts therein stated, which are agreed upon for the sole purpose of saving expense and time of examining accounts between the parties."

This would seem to have been a practical settlement of the matter. The defendant, however, in addition to the difference in price, sought to recover special damages, and on the trial the jury returned a verdict in his favor for $200,

Boyer v. Cox.

upon which judgment was rendered. A motion was made to strike the claim for special damages from the petition, which motion was overruled. In this we think the court erred. The petition clearly fails to state a case for special damages. Some of the charges, therefore, are open to the suspicion of not being made in good faith, as, for instance, $3 per load for purchasing thirty wagon loads of corn on the streets of Lincoln; and these charges seem to form the key-note to the others.

In Wire v. Foster, 62 Ia., 114, a case in some respects resembling this, except that the purchaser was to pay the market price at Storm Lake, the delivery to be at a farm a few miles from there, it was held that there could be no recovery for special damages.

Tiedeman, in his recent valuable work on Sales, states the rule as follows: "Sec. 335. If the seller fails to deliver the goods in accordance with his contract of sale, the buyer can sue him for non-delivery, and recover damages of him, and, ordinarily, if the price has not been paid the damages will be estimated by the difference between the contract. price and the market value at the time and place of delivery. And if the goods are to be delivered in installments at successive times the damages will be ascertained by adding together the difference between the contract price of the installments and their market values on their respective days of delivery; but it must be borne in mind that the buyer need not wait until the seller's failure to deliver the last installment, but he may treat the failure to deliver any one of the installments as a breach of the contract and bring his action immediately. (Sleuter v. Wallbaum, 45 Ill., 44; Grand Tower Co. v. Phillips, 23 Wall. [U. S.], 471 ; Miles v. Miller, 12 Bush. [Ky.], 134; Somers v. Wright, 115 Mass., 292; Burnham v. Roberts, 70 Ill., 19; Bush v. Holmes, 53 Me., 417; Chadwick v. Butler, 28 Mich., 349; Marsh v. McPherson, 105 U. S., 709; Guice v. Crenshaw, 60 Tex., 344; Gray v. Hall, 29 Kan., 704; Kribs v.

Boyer v. Cox.

Jones, 44 Md., 396; Parsons v. Sutton, 66 N. Y., 92; Kountz v. Kirkpatrick, 72 Pa. St., 376; Gordon v. Norris, 49 N. H., 376; Rose v. Bozeman, 41 Ala., 678; Worthen v. Wilmot, 30 Vt., 555; Lush v. Druse, 4 Wend. [N. Y.], 313; Harrison v. Glover, 72 N. Y., 451; Hanna v. Harter, 2 Ark., 397; Bush v. Canfield, 2 Conn., 487; West v. Pritchard, 19 Id., 215; Phelps v. McGee, 18 Ill., 155; Capen v. De Steiger Glass Co., 105 Id., 185; Zehner v. Dale, 25 Ind., 433; Cannon v. Folsom, 2 Ia., 101; Stewart v. Power, 12 Kan., 596; Marchesseau v. Chaffee, 4 La. Ann., 24; Camden, etc., Oil Co. v. Schleus, 59 Md., 31; Bartlett v. Blanchard, 13 Gray [Mass.], 429; McKercher v. Curtis, 35 Mich., 478; Stevens v. Ryford, 7 N. H., 360; Gregory v. McDowell, 8 Wend. [N. Y.], 435; Davis v. Shields, 24 Id., 326; McKnight v. Dunlop, 1 Seld. [N. Y.], 537; Clark v. Dales, 20 Barb. [N. Y.], 42; Van Allen v. Illinois Central R. Co., 7 Bosw. [N. Y.], 515; White v. Tompkins, 52 Pa. St., 363; Hill v. Chapman, 59 Wis., 211; Doak v. Snapp, 1 Coldw. [Tenn.], 180; Listen v. Windmuller, 20 Jones & Sp. [N. Y.], 408; Fishell v. Winans, 3 Barb. [N. Y.], 228; Dana v. Fielder, 12 N. Y., 40; Beals v. Terry, 2 Sandf. [N. Y.], 127; Dey v. Dox, 9 Wend. [N. Y.], 120; Rand v. White Mountain R. Co., 40 N. H., 79; White v. Salisbury, 33 Mo., 150; Essex Co. v. Pacific Mills, 14 Gray [Mass.], 389; Shaw v. Nudd, 8 Pick. [Mass.], 9; Smith v. Berry, 18 Me., 122; Arrowsmith v. Gordon, 3 La. Ann., 106; Porter v. Barrow, Id., 140; Gray v. Hall, 29 Kan., 704; Jemmison v. Gray, 29 Ia., 537; Collum v. Huntington, 51 Ind., 229; Kent v. Ginter, 23 Id., 1; Deere v. Lewis, 51 Ill., 254; Smith v. Dunlap, 12 Id., 184; Wells v. Abernethy, 5 Conn., 227; Crosby v. Watkins, 13 Cal., 85.)"

Where the articles sold can be purchased in open market the rule of damages on breach of an agreement is the market price at the day appointed for delivery less the contract price when the latter is not paid. (Davis v. Shields,