FIG. 166.-Deluge improved wash-down water-closet.

This closet must be always fixed in the one position. It may be used with or without an enclosing wood-casing, and forms an excellent water-closet of a cheap type.

The Adamant Deluge Closet is specially recommended for Asylums and Institutions where hard usage must be provided for.

FIG. 168.-Deluge Adamant improved wash-down water-closet.

The flushing pipe should be one and a quarter or one and a half inch in diameter.

Where sufficient head room cannot be found for ordinary flushing cisterns, a combination arrangement of cisterns and closet is adopted. A large inlet horn or arm, six times the capacity of an ordinary horn, is made in one piece with closet. A cistern, on single or double valve principle, with an outlet valve correspondingly large with inlet arm of closet, is placed at the back of closet, and connected direct to that inlet arm. They are also supplied with valveless syphon cisterns. When cistern-valve is lifted the contents. of cistern are precipitated with one gulp into the basin, which is made with flushing rim, thoroughly washing out the basin and trap, and leaving a larger quantity of water in basin than usual with wash-down closets. The instantaneous character of the flush gives this closet an advantage over

all others for thoroughly clearing out the trap and flushing the drain every time the handle is pulled. An after-service box is constructed in one piece with the closet, as a safeguard against the tendency that exists in closets of the

wash-out type to leave too little water in the basin, or the unsealing of the trap by syphonage.

The wash-down water-closet is also made with a patented douche arrangement of great use, especially near the surgical wards of hospitals or in doctors' houses, where examinations are made or operations are performed, ar generally for persons suffering fron hæmorrhoids, etc.

The douche is quite separate from the flush arrangement, and is only used when required. The small supply cistern

is fixed on the seat beside the user, and can be easily filled with water at any desired temperature, and, if necessary, medicated. The application of the douche is given by actuating a handle-pull, which opens a valve and allows as much or as little water as desired to pass in douche form, as shown, to cleanse the person.

The form adopted for this addition to hospital and nursing hygiene is the wash-down closet. The apparatus is formed of pure, fine ivory porcelain ware, most cleanly, owing to suitable shape and high class of glaze, giving a large water surface to receive and cover excreta, and a strong water-flush, with deep water trapping.

The advantages of the patent douche closet appear to be-1. It is made of pure glazed porcelain ware, and has a remarkably good appearance. 2. It has no complicated machinery and is incorrodible. 3. The trap and all parts are within easy reach for cleaning by hand or brush. 4. The water-seal can be always seen, and it cannot be syphoned out unnoticed. 5. The water-flush removes all soil from the house the instant it passes from sight. 6. The odour is reduced to a minimum during use-a very important advantage. 7. It affords a secure joint with the soil-pipe when care is used. 8. It is always pure and clean, and cannot cause bad odours. 9. No drain-air can return from it, as the water-trap is always in sight. 10. It affords perfect cleanliness of person. 11. It enables medicated waters to be applied locally. 12. With cold-water douches strength is imparted and recovered. 13. Trap and all appliances are over the floor and easily examined. 14. Ventilation of trap perfect, and trap absolutely self-cleansing. 15. It cannot get out of order, nor can there be any undetected defects. 16. It is easily fixed. 17. It is a most soothing appliance for inflamed hæmorrhoids, etc. 18. It prepares the person for surgical examination and operation.