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pinchbeck. An alloy of copper and zinc used in cheap jewelry.

"I could do such deeds." A misquotation probably of Lear's "I will do such things." (II, iv, 283.)

P. 382. King's Mead-fields. An extensive meadow to the west of the city. (Adams.)

sharps and snaps. Swords and pistols used in duelling. P. 384. What Hamlet says:

66

'Hyperion curls, the front of Jove himself,
An eye like Mars, to threaten and command;
A station like the herald Mercury
New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill."

(III, iv, 56-59.)

P. 385. Bedlam. A corruption of St. Mary of Bethlehem, the famous London hospital for the insane.

Youth's the season, etc. See Gay's Beggar's Opera, II, iv.

P. 386. still. Always.

P. 387. Spring Gardens. A pleasure resort on the east bank and on the other side of the river from the city.

P. 388. not unsought be won. Milton's Paradise Lost, viii, 502-503: 'Her virtue, and the conscience of her worth,

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That would be wooed, and not unsought be won."

P. 390. Smithfield bargain. A sharp or roguish bargain; also, a marriage of interest in which money is the chief consideration. (N. E. D.) Smithfield was formerly a cattle market.

Scotch_parson. Eloping couples could more easily be married in Scotland than in England.

P. 391. fire-office. Really a fire-insurance office, "but here, of course, misused by David in a way worthy of Mrs. Malaprop." (Nettleton.)

putrefactions. For petrifactions, which were found abundantly in Derby

*shire.

sword... Bath. See note on III, iv, p. 381.

P. 393. Abbey. The abbey church of Bath.
P. 396. cit. Citizen.

THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL

Our text follows Sheridan's manuscript of The School for Scandal, as printed in the editions of Rae and Nettleton. (See Bibliography.)

P. 397. vapors. Low spirits.

quantum sufficit. As much as suffices.

sal volatile. An aromatic solution taken for faintness.

poz. Slang for “positive."

dash and star. Used instead of names in scandalous news items. P. 398. Dramatis Persona. The part of "Miss Verjuice' was, in later versions, merged in that of "Snake." Spunge" became at once "Trip." Lappet. This part of the Maid is withdrawn in later versions. demirep. A woman of suspected reputation.

a Tête-à-Tête...Magazine. The Tête-à-Tête column in The Town and Country Magazine, or Useful Repository of Knowledge, Instruction, and Entertainment, was devoted to accounts of scandals in fashionable society. (See She Stoops to Conquer, II, i, p. 335.)

P. 399. execution. Seizure of goods in default of payment.

P. 401. Petrarch's...Sacharissa. Laura was the object of Petrarch's (1304

1374) love verses, and Sacharissa (Lady Dorothy Sidney) of Waller's (1605-1687).

P. 402. Tunbridge. Tunbridge Wells, a pleasure resort about thirty-five

miles southeast of London.

Old Jewry. A London street in the heart of the City, so named from the Synagogue which stood here prior to the persecution of the Jews in 1291. (Baedeker.)

Tontine. A tontine is an annuity shared by subscribers to a loan, the shares increasing as the subscribers die till the last survivor gets all. In 1773 the great increase of the Irish national debt led to the establishment of the Tontine Annuities and Stamp Duties by which immediate needs were met. doubt. Rather think, suspect.

P. 404. the Pantheon. A concert hall in Oxford Street.

Fête Champêtre. An open-air fête or festival.

tambour. A circular frame on which silk or the like is stretched to be embroidered. Pope Joan. New Market.

A card-game which survives to-day in a modified form as

fly cap. A kind of head-dress resembling an overgrown butterfly with outstretched wings.

Vis-à-vis. A kind of carriage in which persons sit facing each other. P. 405. rid on hurdles. Condemned criminals rode on carts to their place of execution.

clippers of reputation. The allusion is to those who clipped the edges of coins.

High park. Hyde Park.

macaronies. Dandies. The quatrain was taken from some earlier verses, which are given in Fraser Rae's Life, I, 330-331.

Phœbus. As the god of poetry.

P. 406. the Ring. A fashionable drive round an enclosed space in Hyde Park about 350 yards in length.

P. 407. Spa. See note on The Rivals, II, i, p. 370.

Law Merchant. Mercantile law.

P. 408. Cicisbeo. A gallant in attendance upon a married lady.

P. 409. jet. The real point, the gist.

A tear...charity." Quoted from 2 Henry IV, IV, iv, 81-82. The original open as day."

has "

P. 410. Crutched Friars. A street near the Tower of London, named after the convent of the Crossed or Crouched Friars.

P. 411. annuity bill. A bill was passed in May, 1777, "providing that all contracts with minors for annuities shall be void, and that those procuring them and solicitors charging more than ten shillings per cent. shall be subject to fine or imprisonment." (Matthews.)

P. 413. Bags. A small silken pouch to contain the back hair of the wig. (N. E. D.)

throws off faster. Nobody discards faster from his wardrobe. (Nettleton.)

mortgage. familiar with.

post-obit. Legal terms that Charles's servant would be

point. Point-lace.

hazard. A game of chance with dice.

P. 415. bough-pots. Pots for holding flowers or boughs.

P. 416. race-cups and corporation-bowls. Cups won at races and bowls given by the Corporation of the city.

P. 417. What do you bid? Part of the fun of this auction scene lies in the fact that the auction is a farce, since there is only one bidder, who with only one exception accepts the price set on the pictures.

Kneller. A famous portrait painter (1646-1723) of royal and noble personages.

woolsack. The cushion on which the Lord Chancellor sits in the House of Lords; here applied to the law generally.

P. 419. Draw that screen, etc. When Lady Teazle later hides behind the screen, she will, of course, expose herself to the "maiden lady of so curious a temper."

P. 424. Sir Peter, etc. Charles's speech is not so heartless as it seems at first sight, for he believes that everyone present has been guilty of dissimulation while he has been acting innocently. The situation is penetrated with a very grim humor on the verge of tragedy, just as Lady Teazle has been on the verge of her own moral destruction.

P. 425. rupees, pagodas. A rupee is equal to two shillings, a pagoda to about seven.

avadavats. The more usual form is "amadavat," an Indian song bird brown in color with white spots. (N. E. D.)

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Indian crackers. Indian fire-crackers tastefully got up with colored paper." (Notes and Queries, 6th Series, II, 199.)

P. 427. thrust in second. "A term in fencing for a thrust, parry, or other movement downward toward the left.'" (Nettleton.)

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Montem. The montem was a triennial ceremony of the boys at Eton, abolished only in 1847. It consisted of a procession to a mound (ad montem) near the Bath road, where they exacted money from those present and from all passersby. The sum collected, sometimes nearly £1,000, went to the captain or senior scholar, and served to pay his expenses at the university.' (Matthews.)

P. 430. A. B.'s at the coffee-house. Cf. the modern practice of giving initials in advertisements to be answered by addressing to the care of the newspaper office.

P. 431. sold me judges, etc. Sir Oliver repeats himself from IV, ii.

P. 432. Mr. Colman. George Colman, proprietor of the Haymarket Theatre and writer of plays.

Bayes. The name given to the caricature of Dryden in Buckingham's Rehearsal, a burlesque, like Sheridan's Critic, of extravagant fashions in the drama. Here it is synonymous with dramatist or poet, as in the Epilogue to She Stoops to Conquer.

P. 433. loo. An eighteenth-century card-game.

vole. Winning of all tricks in the game.

Seven's the main. In the game of hazard the main is the number (from

5 to 9) called by the caster before he throws the dice.

hot cockles. A game in which one person lay or knelt down with his eyes covered and on being struck by the others in turn guessed who struck him. Farewell, etc. A parody on Othello's "Farewell," III, iii, 347-357.

card drums. Card parties.

spadille. The ace of spades.

pam. The knave of clubs.

basto. The ace of clubs in quadrille and ombre.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHIEF WORKS OF GENERAL REFERENCE

The single volume most useful to the student of the whole period is G. H. Nettleton's English Drama of the Restoration and Eighteenth Century (1642-1780), 1914, with its careful criticism and concise bibliography. The third volume of A. W. Ward's History of English Dramatic Literature to the death of Queen Anne, 1899, particularly chapter IX, will assist the study of the earlier part of the time. The Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. VIII (1912), chapters V, VI, VII, vol. IX (1913), chapter II, and vol. X (1914), chapters II, IV, and IX, discusses nearly all our authors. The stage history of the epoch receives elaborate treatment in Genest's monumental work in ten volumes, Some Account of the English Stage from the Restoration in 1660 to 1830, 1832. Other works of general value are Ashley H. Thorndike's Tragedy, 1908, chapters VIII and IX, and John Palmer's The Comedy of Manners (1664-1720), 1913. Every reader of Restoration Comedy should know Leigh Hunt's Dramatic Works of Wycherley, Congreve, Vanbrugh and Farquhar (1849), a complete edition of the plays, containing memoirs of the dramatists and the famous essays of Lamb and Hazlitt, and should read Macaulay's equally famous review of this edition.

DRYDEN

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The standard edition of the plays is the Scott-Saintsbury, in eight volumes, 1882. Saintsbury has a selection of plays in the Mermaid Series in two volumes containing among others "The Conquest of Granada" and "All for Love." Professor George R. Noyes has edited with notes Selected Dramas of John Dryden with The Rehearsal, 1910, which includes both our plays. The most important treatises on the heroic play are Holzhausen's "Dryden's Heroisches Drama" in Englische Studien, vols. XIII, XV, XVI, 1889-1892; L. N. Chase's The English Heroic Play, 1903; C. G. Child's The Rise of the Heroic Play" in Modern Language Notes, 1904; J. W. Tupper's "The Relation of the Heroic Play to the Romances of Beaumont and Fletcher" in the Publications of the M. L. A. of America, 1905; Herbert W. Hill's "La Calprenède's Romances and the Restoration Drama,” University of Nevada Studies, vol. II, no. 3, 1910. "All for Love" has been included by Furness in his Variorum edition of Shakspere's "Antony and Cleopatra," 1907, pp. 409-472, and has been edited (with "The Spanish Friar") by William Strunk, Jr., in the Belles Lettres Series, 1911, with notes and bibliography. Valuable comment upon this play is found in

Margaret Sherwood's Dryden's Dramatic Theory and Practice (Yale University Dissertation, 1898), pp. 85-93.

OTWAY

The chief plays of Otway have been edited by Roden Noel in the Mermaid Series, 1888. Annotated editions of "Venice Preserved" are those of Gollancz in the Temple Dramatists, 1898, and of McClumpha (with “The Orphan") in the Belles Lettres Series, 1908, containing a full bibliography. The student should read the delightful sketch of Otway by Edmund Gosse in his Seventeenth-Century Studies, 1883, and the suggestive comments of Hazlitt, Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, and of Taine, English Literature, Book III, chapter II.

CONGREVE

The modern editions of Congreve's plays are A. C. Ewald's in the Mermaid Series, 1887, G. S. Street's Comedies of William Congreve, 1895, and William Archer's selections in Masterpieces of the English Drama, 1912. A convenient Life is Edmund Gosse's in the Great Writers Series, 1888. A critical monograph is D. Schmid's "William Congreve, sein Leben und seine Lustspiele" in Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, 1897. Meredith's Essay on Comedy, 1897, has some brilliant remarks on Congreve's comedy.

FARQUHAR

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All of Farquhar's plays are included in A. C. Ewald's Dramatic Works of George Farquhar, 1892. The chief plays have been edited by William Archer in the Mermaid Series, 1906, with an excellent introduction. An annotated edition of "The Beaux' Stratagem" by H. M. Fitzgibbon is found in the Temple Dramatists Series, 1898; and of "The Beaux' Stratagem (with "A Discourse upon Comedy" and The Recruiting Officer ") by Louis A. Strauss in the Belles Lettres Series, 1914. D. Schmid's "George Farquhar, sein Leben und seine Original-Dramen" in Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, 1904, is an elaborate study. Miss Guiney has a pleasant essay upon Farquhar in Poet-Lore, VI, 1894, 406-413.

ADDISON

"Cato" appears in the first volume of Hurd's edition of Addison's Works, 1811, and is readily accessible for a dime in Maynard's English Classics Series. Johnson's Life of Addison contains much famous criticism of the play; and the sixth chapter in Courthope's Life (English Men of Letters Series), 1884, is a valuable sketch. Good accounts of the presentation of "Cato" are those of D. Cook, Once a Week, V, 72 f. and J. F. Molloy, Famous Plays, 1886, pp. 39-70.

STEELE

The best modern edition of Steele's plays is G. A. Aitken's in the Mermaid Series. Aitken has also a Life in two volumes, 1889. Austin

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