Page

Eighth Report of the Committee on the Treatment and Utilization of

Sewage, reappointed at Bristol, 1875, and consisting of RICHARD B.

GRANTIAM (Chairman), C.E., F.G.S., Professor A. W. WILLIAMSON,

F.R.S., Dr. GILBERT, F.R.S., Professor CORFIELD, M.A., M.D., WILLIAM

HOPE, V.C., F. J. BRAMWELL, C.E., F.R.S., and J. WOLFE BARRY, C.E. 225

Improved Investigations on the flow of Water through Orifices, with

Objections to the modes of treatment commonly adopted. By Prof.

JAMES THOMSON, LL.D., D.Sc. .

.......... 243

Report of the Anthropometric Committee, consisting of Dr. BEDDOE, Lord

ABERDARE, Dr. FARR, Mr. FRANCIS GALTON, Sir HENRY RAWLINSON,

Colonel LANE Fox, Sir Rawson Rawson, Mr. JAMES HEYWOOD, Dr.

MOUAT, Professor ROLLESTON, Mr. HALLETT, Mr. FELLOWS, and Pro-

fessor LEONE LEVI.......................................... 266

On Cyclone and Rainfall Periodicities in connexion with the Sun-spot

Periodicity. By CHARLES MELDRUM .......................... 267

First Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. Joule, Prof. Sir W.

THOMSON, Prof. Tait, Prof. BALFOUR STEWART, and Prof. MAXWELL,

appointed for the purpose of determining the Mechanical Equivalent

of Heat.................................................. 275

Report of the Committee appointed for the purpose of promoting the

extension, improvement, and harmonic analysis of Tidal Observations.

Consisting of Sir WILLIAN Thomson, LL.D., F.R.S., Prof. J. C. ADAMS,

F.R.S., J. OLDIAM, WILLIAM PARKES, M.Inst.C.E., and Admiral

RICHARDS, R.N., F.R.S. Drawn up by Sir WILLIAM THOMsoN...... 275

Third Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. BRUNTON, F.R.S., and

Dr. Pre-SMITH, appointed to investigate the Conditions of Intestinal

Secretion and Movement .....

...... 308

Report of the Committee, consisting of A. VERNON HARCOURT, Professor

GLADSTONE, and Dr. ATKINSON, appointed for the purpose of collecting

and suggesting subjects for Chemical Research ..........

.............. 314

NOTICES AND ABSTRACTS

ОР

MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATIONS TO THE SECTIONS.

MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS.

Page

Address by Professor Sir WilLIAM THOMSON, LL.D., M.A., F.R.S., President

of the Section ......

.........................................

1

.............

MATHEMATICS.

M. VALENTINO CERRUTI sur les Mouvements apériodiques des Systèmes de

Points Matériels .............

Professor LUIGI CREMONA sur les Systèmes de Sphères et les Systèmes de

Droites ............

Mr. George H. DARWIN on Graphical Interpolation and Integration ......

Mr. J. W. L. GLAISHER on certain Determinants .......

— on a Series Summation leading to an Expression for

the Theta Function as a Definite Integral ......

Mr. W. HAYDEN on Parallel Motion .............

Mr. HENRY M. JEFFERY on Plane Cubics of the Third Class with a Double

and a Single Focus .........

.........

- on Spherical Class-cubics with Double Foci and

Double Cyclic Arcs. .....

...........

Professor GIUSEPPE JUNG on the Inverse Problems of Moments of Inertia and

of Moments of Resistance ....

- on the Graphical Representation of the Moments

of Resistance of Plane Figures ................... .............

on a new Construction for the Central Nucleus of

a Plane Section ......

........

Professor A. B. W. KENNEDY on Centroids, and their Application to some

Mechanical Problems ...

Professor Paul Mansion on an Elementary Demonstration of a Fundamental

Principle of the Theory of Functions ......

.......

Mr. THOMAS MUIR on Convergents ....

.......
- on the Relation between two continued Fraction Expan-
sions for Series. ................

ries....................................................

Professor F. W. NEWMAN on the Use of Legendre's Scale for Calculating the

First Elliptic Integral ..........

........

Professor P. G. Tait on General Theorems relating to Closed Curves ......

Professor JAMES THOMSON on a Theorem in the Mensuration of certain Solids 30

Mr. W. H. WALENN on Division-remainders in Arithmetic........

Mr. M. M. U. WILKINSON on Many-valued Functions ....................

GENERAL Physics, &c.

Dr. JAMES CROLL on the Transformation of Gravity ......................... 30

Mr. WILLIAM CROOKES on the Influence of the Residual Gas on the Move-

ment of the Radiometer ........

GENERA

.

.

Page

31

Mr. W. FROUDE's Mechanical Theory of the Soaring of Birds ...

Professor F. GUTHRIE and Dr. F. GUTHRIE on the Passage of Fluids through

Capillary and other Tubes ..................

...

Professor J. PURSER on the Modification of the Motion of Waves produced by

Fluid Friction .....................................................

Lord RAYLEIGH on the Forces experienced by a Lamina immersed obliquely

in a Fluid Stream ............

...........................

Professor OSBORNE REYNOLDS on the Resistance encountered by Vortex

Rings, and the Relation between the Vortex Ring and Stream-lines of a

31

Disk

.............................................

Dr. C. W. SIEMENS's Description of the Bathometer ..

Mr. G. JOHNSTONE STONEY on the Amplitude of Waves of Light and Heat .

- on Acoustic Analogues to Motions in the Mole-

cules of Gases ....

.........

Professor JAMES THOMson on the Origin of Windings of Rivers in Alluvial

Plains ..........................................................

on Metric Units of Force, Energy, and Power,

larger than those on the Centimetre-Gram-Second System .......

Sir W. THOMSON on the Precessional Motion of a Liquid........

- on the Laws of the Diffusion of Liquids ..

- on a new case of Instability of Steady Motion......

on the Nutation of a Solid Shell containing Liquid ......

37

LIGHT AND HEAT.

Captain ABNEY's Photometric Measurements of the Magneto-electric Light .

Mr. J. T. BOTTOMLEY on the Conductivity of Heat by Water...

Mr. HOWARD GRUBB on the Testings of Large Objectives .................

on Recent Improvements in Equatorial Telescopes ....

- on a Method of Photographing the Defects in Optical

Glass arising from want of Homogeneity..............................

Professor HENNESSY on the Decrease of Temperature with Height on the

Earth’s Surface .........

— on the Distribution of Temperature over the British

Islands ..

Dr. J. JANSSEN sur les Usages du Revolver Photographique en Astronomie et

en Biologie

- , Photographies du Passage de Vénus à Kobé ............

- sur le Mirage en Mer .......

- on Solar Photography, with reference to the History of the

Solar Surface ............................

on the Eclipse of the Sun observed at Siam in Apri 1875 ..

Mr. JOHN KERR on Rotation of the Plane of Polarization by Reflection from

a Magnetic Pole ....................

.................

Mr. W. Ladd's Description of Spottiswoode's Pocket Polarizing Apparatus ...

-Professor G. G. STOKES on a Phenomenon of Metallic Reflection ......

.................

40

ELECTRICITY.

Professors AYRTON and PERRY on the Contact Theory of Voltaic Action....

Professor J. DEWAR on a new Form of Electrometer ....................

Mr. OLIVER J. LODGE on a Mechanical Illustration of Electric Induction and

Conduction ...............

- on a Mechanical Illustration of Thermoelectric Pheno-

mena ...................

Page

Professor J. CLERK MAXWELL on the Protection of Buildings from Lightning

Sir W. THOMSON on Compass Correction in Iron Ships .....

- on Effects of Stress on the Magnetization of Iron ........

on Contact Electricity ...........

ACOUSTICS.

Mr. R. H. M. BOSANQUET on the Conditions of the Transformation of Pendu-

lum-Vibrations; with an experimental illustration ...

Mr. COLIN BROWN on true Intonation, illustrated by the Voice-Harmonium

with Natural Finger-board.........

Sir W. Thomson on a Practical Method of Tuning a Major Third..........

INSTRUMENTS, &c.

Professor BARRETT on a Form of Gasholder giving a uniform Flow of Gas .. 48

- on the new Lecture-Table for Physical Demonstration in

the Royal College of Science for Ireland.......

........

on two new Forms of Apparatus for the Experimental
Illustration of the Expansion of Solids by Heat ............ ..........

Mr. C. H. GIMINGHAM on a Modification of the Sprengel Pump, and a new

Form of Vacuum-Tap..............

.....................

Professor HENNESSY on new Standards of Measure and Weight ....

Mr. G. J. SYMONS on a new Form of Thermometer for observing Earth Tem-

perature.....................................

.....

- on an Unmistakable True North Compass ..............

Sir W. THOMSON on a new Form of Astronomical Clock with Free Pendulum

and Independently Governed Uniform Motion for Escapement-wheel ....

Mr. W. H. WALENN on Mr. Sabine's Method of Measuring small Intervals of

Time .................

...................

Captain A. W. BAIRD on Tidal Operations in the Gulf of Cutch by the Great

Trigonometrical Survey of India ..........

........

Sir W. THOMSON on the Physical Explanation of the Mackerel Sky ........

---- on Navigational Deep-sea Soundings in a Ship moving at

High Speed .......

: : :

CHEMISTRY.

Address by Mr. WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN, F.R.S., President of the Section .

Mr. F. H. T. ALLAN on a Safe and Rapid Evaporating-pan................

Mr. J. BANKs on Sewage Purification and Utilization ..........

Mr. H. W. BIGGs on a new Voltaic Battery ..

Professor Crum BROWN on the Action of Pentachloride of Phosphorus on

Turpentine ...............

Mr. James T. Brown on Anthracene-testing ...

...........

Mr. J. Y. BUCHANAN on some Instruments used in the Challenger'....

Dr. CAMERON on Ainmonic Seleniocyanide................

Mr. J. J. COLEMAN on a Gas-condensing Machine for the Liquefaction of

Gases by combined cold and pressure, recently employed in the manufacture

of Volatile Liquid Hydrocarbons .....................................

- on the Chemical Treatment of Town Excretion........

Professor DEWAR on the Transformation of Chinoline into Aniline..........

Mr. W. DITTMAR on the Proximate Analysis of Coal-Gas.-Remarks on

Reboul's Paper on Pyro-Tartaric Acid .......

: : : :

Page

...........

63

........

Mr. E. M. Dixon on an Apparatus for the Analysis of Impurities in the Atmo-

sphere .....................................

Mr. J. DUNNACHIE on Fire-Brick........ ..............................

Mr. A. FERGUSSON on White-Lead...

Professor GAMGEE on the Physiological Action of Pyro-, Meta-, and Ortho-

phosphoric Acids .................................................. 64

Professor GLADSTONE on the Influence of the Condition and Quantity of the

Negative Element on the Action of the Copper-Zinc Couple ............

Professor GUTHRIE on Solid Water ........

.................

Mr. W.N. HARTLEY on the Critical Point of Liquid Carbonic Acid in Minerals 64

Mr.WILLIAM HENDERSON on the History of Copper-extraction by the Wet Way
Colonel HOPE on the Purification of the Clyde .....
Mr. CHARLES T. KINGZETT on the Limited Oxidation of Terpenes.- Part IV.
Mr. A. C. LETts on two new Hydrocarbons from Turpentine ......
Mr. J. MACTEAR on Soda Manufacture ..................... .....
Dr. MACVICAR on the possible Genesis of the Chemical Elements out of a

Homogeneous Cosmic Gas or Common Vapour of Matter.......... ......

Mr. M. M. PATTISON Muir on Essential Oil of Sage.--Part I.

- on the action of Dilute Saline Solutions upon

Lead ..................

-- on certain Compounds of Bismuth .......

..........

Mr. J. A. R. NEWLANDS on Relations among the Atomic Weights of the

Elements ........................

-- on the Alum Process in Sugar-refining.......

Mr. T. L. PATTERSON on Sugar ...
Mr. W. H. PERKIN on some new Anthracene Compounds ......
Dr. WILLIAM RAMSAY on Picoline and its Derivatives ........
Dr. J. EMERSON REYNOLDS on Glucinum, its Atomic Weight and Specific

H eat ....................................
Mr. W. C. SILLAR on the Utilization of Sewage ........
Mr. R. D. SILVA on the Action of Hydriodic Acid on mixed Ethers of the

General Formula CnH2n+1+0.CH: .............

Mr. ANDERSON SMITH on Sodium ................

Mr. EDWARD C.C. STANFORD on the Manufacture of Iodine .....

Mr. J. E. STODDART on Lead Desilverizing by the Zinc Process . .

Mr. J. JOHNSTONE STONEY on the Atomicity of Oxygen and on the Constitu-

tion of Basic Salts .................

Mr. D. Swan on Zinc ........

Rev. R. THOMSon on the Prevention of the Pollution of Rivers .........

Mr. WILLIAM Thomson on the Growth of Mildew in Grey Cloth ......

Dr. W.A. TILDEN on the Nitroso Derivatives of the Terpenes .

- --on a new Iso-purpurine .......

Mr. F. WARD on the Prevention of Fraudulent Alterations in Cheques &c. ....

Mr. WALTER WELDON on the Means of Suppressing Alkali Waste....

Dr. C. R. ALDER WRIGHT on New Cotarnine Derivatives ...

- on the Alkaloids of the Aconites ....

GEOLOGY.

Address by Professor J. Young, M.D., F.G.S., President of the Section......

His Grace The DUKE OF ARGYLL on the Physical Structure of the Highlands

in connexion with their Geological History .........

.......

Major BEAUMONT on the Sub-Wealden Exploration ...