Page

Eighth Report of the Committee on the Treatment and Utilization of

Sewage, reappointed at Bristol, 1875, and consisting of RICHARD B.

GRANTHAM (Chairman), C.E., F.G.S., Professor A. W. WILLIAMSON,

F.R.S., Dr. GILBERT, F.R.S., Professor CORFIELD, M.A., M.D., WILLIAM

HOPE, V.C., F. J. BRAMWELL, C.E., F.R.S., and J. WOLFE BARRY, C.E. 225

Improved Investigations on the Flow of Water through Orifices, with

Objections to the modes of treatment commonly adopted. By Prof.

JAMES THOMSON, LL.D., D.Sc. . . . .

Report of the Anthropometric Committee, consisting of Dr. BEDDOE, Lord

ABERDARE, Dr. FARR, Mr. FRANCIS GALTON, Sir HENRY RAWLINSON,

Colonel LANE Fox, Sir RAWSON RAWSON, Mr. JAMES HEYWOOD, Dr.

MOUAT, Professor ROLLESTON, Mr. HALLETT, Mr. FELLOWS, and Pro-

fessor LEONE LEVI..

243

266

On Cyclone and Rainfall Periodicities in connexion with the Sun-spot

Periodicity. By CHARLES MELDRUM

First Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. JOULE, Prof. Sir W.

THOMSON, Prof. TAIT, Prof. BALFOUR STEWART, and Prof. MAXWELL,

appointed for the purpose of determining the Mechanical Equivalent

of Heat..

267

275

Report of the Committee appointed for the purpose of promoting the

extension, improvement, and harmonic analysis of Tidal Observations.

Consisting of Sir WILLIAM THOMSON, LL.D., F.R.S., Prof. J. C. ADAMS,

F.R.S., J. OLDHAM, WILLIAM PARKES, M.Inst.C.E., and Admiral

RICHARDS, R.N., F.R.S. Drawn up by Sir WILLIAM THOMSON...... 275

Third Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. BRUNTON, F.R.S., and

Dr. PYE-SMITH, appointed to investigate the Conditions of Intestinal

Secretion and Movement ...

Report of the Committee, consisting of A. VERNON HARCOURT, Professor

GLADSTONE, and Dr. ATKINSON, appointed for the purpose of collecting

and suggesting subjects for Chemical Research

308

314

NOTICES AND ABSTRACTS

OF

MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATIONS TO THE SECTIONS.

MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS.

Address by Professor Sir WILLIAM THOMSON, LL.D., M.A., F.R.S., President

of the Section

MATHEMATICS.

Page

1

M. VALENTINO CERRUTI sur les Mouvements apériodiques des Systèmes de

Points Matériels

Professor LUIGI CREMONA sur les Systèmes de Sphères et les Systèmes de

Droites ....

12

12

Mr. GEORGE H. DARWIN on Graphical Interpolation and Integration

Mr. J. W. L. GLAISHER on certain Determinants ....

13

13

on a Series Summation leading to an Expression for

the Theta Function as a Definite Integral

Mr. W. HAYDEN on Parallel Motion

16

2 232 99

15

.....

Mr. HENRY M. JEFFERY on Plane Cubics of the Third Class with a Double

and a Single Focus

17

on Spherical Class-cubics with Double Foci and

Double Cyclic Arcs......

Professor GIUSEPPE JUNG on the Inverse Problems of Moments of Inertia and

of Moments of Resistance..

Professor A. B. W. KENNEDY on Centroids, and their Application to some

Mechanical Problems ....

Professor PAUL MANSION on an Elementary Demonstration of a Fundamental

Principle of the Theory of Functions

Mr. THOMAS MUIR on Convergents ....

on the Relation between two continued Fraction Expan-

sions for Series.....

28

Professor F. W. NEWMAN on the Use of Legendre's Scale for Calculating the

First Elliptic Integral. . . .

Professor P. G. TAIT on General Theorems relating to Closed Curves

Professor JAMES THOMSON on a Theorem in the Mensuration of certain Solids 30

Mr. W. H. WALENN on Division-remainders in Arithmetic...

Mr. M. M. U. WILKINSON on Many-valued Functions.

19

25

26

29

30

30

GENERAL PHYSICS, &c.

Dr. JAMES CROLL on the Transformation of Gravity..

30

Mr. WILLIAM CROOKES on the Influence of the Residual Gas on the Move-

ment of the Radiometer..

30

Page

Mr. W. FROUDE'S Mechanical Theory of the Soaring of Birds

Professor F. GUTHRIE and Dr. F. GUTHRIE on the Passage of Fluids through

Capillary and other Tubes ....

31

31

Professor J. PURSER on the Modification of the Motion of Waves produced by

Fluid Friction ....

31

Lord RAYLEIGH on the Forces experienced by a Lamina immersed obliquely

in a Fluid Stream

31

Professor OSBORNE REYNOLDS on the Resistance encountered by Vortex

Rings, and the Relation between the Vortex Ring and Stream-lines of a

Disk

Dr. C. W. SIEMENS'S Description of the Bathometer

31

31

Mr. G. JOHNSTONE STONEY on the Amplitude of Waves of Light and Heat. 31

on Acoustic Analogues to Motions in the Mole-

cules of Gases

31

Professor JAMES THOMSON on the Origin of Windings of Rivers in Alluvial

Plains

on Metric Units of Force, Energy, and Power,

larger than those on the Centimetre-Gram-Second System

Sir W. THOMSON on the Precessional Motion of a Liquid..

on the Laws of the Diffusion of Liquids

on a new case of Instability of Steady Motion...

on the Nutation of a Solid Shell containing Liquid

LIGHT AND HEAT.

Captain ABNEY's Photometric Measurements of the Magneto-electric Light. 36

Mr. J. T. BOTTOMLEY on the Conductivity of Heat by Water...

Mr. HOWARD GRUBB on the Testings of Large Objectives

on-Recent Improvements in Equatorial Telescopes...

on a Method of Photographing the Defects in Optical

Glass arising from want of Homogeneity.

Professor HENNESSY on the Decrease of Temperature with Height on the

Earth's Surface

Photographies du Passage de Vénus à Kobé

sur le Mirage en Mer

36

37

37

39

.....

on the Distribution of Temperature over the British

Islands

39

......

Dr. J. JANSSEN sur les Usages du Revolver Photographique en Astronomie et

en Biologie

40

40

40

on Solar Photography, with reference to the History of the

Solar Surface

40

— on the Eclipse of the Sun observed at Siam in Apri 1875

Mr. JOHN KERR on Rotation of the Plane of Polarization by Reflection from

a Magnetic Pole

Mr. W. LADD's Description of Spottiswoode's Pocket Polarizing Apparatus..
-Professor G. G. STOKES on a Phenomenon of Metallic Reflection

ELECTRICITY.

Professors AYRTON and PERRY on the Contact Theory of Voltaic Action.... 42

Professor J. DEWAR on a new Form of Electrometer

Mr. OLIVER J. LODGE on a Mechanical Illustration of Electric Induction and

Conduction

Page

Professor J. CLERK MAXWELL on the Protection of Buildings from Lightning 43

Sir W. THOMSON on Compass Correction in Iron Ships ...

on Effects of Stress on the Magnetization of Iron

on Contact Electricity. ...

ACOUSTICS.

Mr. R. H. M. BOSANQUET on the Conditions of the Transformation of Pendu-

lum-Vibrations; with an experimental illustration

Mr. COLIN BROWN on true Intonation, illustrated by the Voice-Harmonium

with Natural Finger-board.....

Sir W. THOMSON on a Practical Method of Tuning a Major Third......

INSTRUMENTS, &c.

Professor BARRETT on a Form of Gasholder giving a uniform Flow of Gas..
on the new Lecture-Table for Physical Demonstration in

the Royal College of Science for Ireland...

on two new Forms of Apparatus for the Experimental

Illustration of the Expansion of Solids by Heat....

45

45

45

45

46

48

Mr. C. H. GIMINGHAM on a Modification of the Sprengel Pump, and a new

Form of Vacuum-Tap..

49

Professor HENNESSY on new Standards of Measure and Weight.

49

Mr. G. J. SYMONS on a new Form of Thermometer for observing Earth Tem-

perature...

49

52

on an Unmistakable True North Compass.

Sir W. THOMSON on a new Form of Astronomical Clock with Free Pendulum

and Independently Governed Uniform Motion for Escapement-wheel .... 49

Mr. W. H. WALENN on Mr. Sabine's Method of Measuring small Intervals of

Time

....

Captain A. W. BAIRD on Tidal Operations in the Gulf of Cutch by the Great

Trigonometrical Survey of India

Sir W. THOMSON on the Physical Explanation of the Mackerel Sky

on Navigational Deep-sea Soundings in a Ship moving at

High Speed

CHEMISTRY.

52

54

54

Address by Mr. WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN, F.R.S., President of the Section. 55

Mr. F. H. T. ALLAN on a Safe and Rapid Evaporating-pan.

Mr. J. BANKS on Sewage Purification and Utilization
Mr. H. W. BIGGS on a new Voltaic Battery

....

Professor CRUM BROWN on the Action of Pentachloride of Phosphorus on
Turpentine

Mr. JAMES T. BROWN on Anthracene-testing.

Mr. J. Y. BUCHANAN on some Instruments used in the 'Challenger'.

Dr. CAMERON on Ammonic Seleniocyanide.....

Mr. J. J. COLEMAN on a Gas-condensing Machine for the Liquefaction of

Gases by combined cold and pressure, recently employed in the manufacture

of Volatile Liquid Hydrocarbons

on the Chemical Treatment of Town Excretion..

Professor DEWAR on the Transformation of Chinoline into Aniline....

Mr. W. DITTMAR on the Proximate Analysis of Coal-Gas.-Remarks on

Reboul's Paper on Pyro-Tartaric Acid..

Mr. E. M. DIXON on an Apparatus for the Analysis of Impurities in the Atmo-

sphere

...........

Mr. J. DUNNACHIE on Fire-Brick.

Mr. A. FERGUSSON on White-Lead..

Professor GAMGEE on the Physiological Action of Pyro-, Meta-, and Ortho-

phosphoric Acids.....

Professor GLADSTONE on the Influence of the Condition and Quantity of the

Negative Element on the Action of the Copper-Zinc Couple

Professor GUTHRIE on Solid Water....

Mr. W. N. HARTLEY on the Critical Point of Liquid Carbonic Acid in Minerals

Mr.WILLIAM HENDERSON on the History of Copper-extraction by the Wet Way

Colonel HOPE on the Purification of the Clyde ...

Mr. CHARLES T. KINGZETT on the Limited Oxidation of Terpenes.-Part IV. 64

Mr. A. C. LETTS on two new Hydrocarbons from Turpentine ..

Mr. J. MACTEAR on Soda Manufacture

Dr. MACVICAR on the possible Genesis of the Chemical Elements out of a

Homogeneous Cosmic Gas or Common Vapour of Matter...

Mr. M. M. PATTISON MUIR on Essential Oil of Sage.-Part I.

on the action of Dilute Saline Solutions upon

Lead

on certain Compounds of Bismuth .

Mr. J. A. R. NEWLANDS on Relations among the Atomic Weights of the

Elements

on the Alum Process in Sugar-refining.

Mr. T. L. PATTERSON on Sugar

Mr. W. H. PERKIN on some new Anthracene Compounds

Dr. WILLIAM RAMSAY on Picoline and its Derivatives.

Dr. J. EMERSON REYNOLDS on Glucinum, its Atomic Weight and Specific

Heat

Mr. W. C. SILLAR on the Utilization of Sewage

Mr. R. D. SILVA on the Action of Hydriodic Acid on mixed Ethers of the
General Formula CnH2n+1+0.CH,

Mr. ANDERSON SMITH on Sodium.....

Mr. EDWARD C. C. STANFORD on the Manufacture of Iodine

Mr. J. E. STODDART on Lead Desilverizing by the Zinc Process .

Mr. J. JOHNSTONE STONEY on the Atomicity of Oxygen and on the Constitu-

tion of Basic Salts

Mr. D. SWAN on Zinc...

Rev. R. THOMSON on the Prevention of the Pollution of Rivers.

Mr. WILLIAM THOMSON on the Growth of Mildew in Grey Cloth

Dr. W. A. TILDEN on the Nitroso Derivatives of the Terpenes

on a new Iso-purpurine.....

Mr. F. WARD on the Prevention of Fraudulent Alterations in Cheques &c.

Mr. WALTER WELDON on the Means of Suppressing Alkali Waste.

Dr. C. R. ALDER WRIGHT on New Cotarnine Derivatives

on the Alkaloids of the Aconites

GEOLOGY.

Address by Professor J. YOUNG, M.D., F.G.S., President of the Section......
His Grace The DUKE OF ARGYLL on the Physical Structure of the Highlands
in connexion with their Geological History

Major BEAUMONT on the Sub-Wealden Exploration.