O. The same as the Osage. Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. P. On the north side of the Kanzas river, at a bluff one and a half miles from its confluence with the Missouri. Q. With all nations within their reach. R. They are sometimes at peace with the Ottoes and Missouris, with whom they are partially intermarried. S. The limits of the country they claim is not known. The country in which they reside, and from thence to the Missouri, is a delightful one, and generally well watered and covered with excellent timber. They hunt on the upper part of Kansas and Arkanzas rivers. Their trade may be expected to increase with proper management. At present they are a dissolute, lawless banditti; frequently plunder their traders, and commit depredations on persons ascending and descending the Missouri river; population rather increasing. These people, as well as the Great and Little Osages, are stationary, at their villages, from about the 15th of March to the 15th of May, and again from the 15th of August to the 15th of October; the balance of the year is appropriated to hunt ing. They cultivate corn, &c. A. Ottoes. B. Wâd-doké-tâh-tâh. C. La Zóto. D. Missouri. E. Ottoes and Missouris, one. F. G. 120. H. 500. S. These are the remnant of the most numerous nation inhabiting the Missouri, when first known to the French. Their ancient and principal village was situated in an extensive and fertile plain on the north bank of the Missouri, I. South side of the river Platte, fifteen leagues just below the entrance of the Grand river. Re from its mouth. J. Merchants of St. Louis. peated attacks of the small-pox, together with their war with the Saukees and Renars, has K. On the Missouri, below the river Platte; reduced them to their present state of dependence not stationary, and at their villages. L. 4,000, including the Missouris. M. 8,000, including the Missouris. N. Principally deer skins, black bear, a greater proportion of beaver than the Osage, some otter and raccoons. O. Skins of the deer, black bear, beaver, otter, raccoon, muskrats, and wolves, buffalo robes, tallow and grease, bears' oil, deer and elk tallow, elk skins dressed and in parchment, all in much larger quantities than they do at present. P. The Council Bluff, on the southwest side of the Missouri, fifty miles above the mouth of the river Platte. Q. With the Mahas, Pon'cârs, Sioux, the Great and Little Osage, Kanzas, and Loups. R. With the Panis proper, Saukees and Re nars. S. They have no idea of an exclusive possession of any country, nor do they assign themselves any limits. I do not believe that they would object to the introduction of any well-disposed Indians. They treat the traders with respect and hospitality, generally. In their occupations of hunting and cultivation, they are the same with the Kanzas and Osage. They hunt on the Saline, Nimmehaw rivers, and west of them, in the plains. The country in which they hunt on the Ottoes, with whom they reside, as well in their village as on their hunting excursions. The Ottoes view them as inferiors, and sometimes treat them amiss. These people are the real proprietors of an extensive and fertile country lying on considerable distance, and as low as the mouth of the Missouri, above their ancient village for a the Osage river, and thence to the Mississippi. Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. rats and wolves, buffalo robes, tallow and grease, elk skins and grease, also a number of horses. P. The Council Bluff, on the southwest side of the Missouri, fifty miles above the mouth of the river Platte. Q. With the Pania-pique, Great and Little Osage, Kansas, La Play, Sioux, Ricaras, and Paducas. R. With the Loups, Mahas, Poncars, Ottoes, Missouris, and Ayauwais. river, which is better stocked with timber than that hunted by the Panias. A. Panias Loups, (or Wolves.) C. La Loup. F. H. 1,000. I. On the northeast side of the Wolf river, K. At the village of the Panias. M. 3,500. N. See page 1044 N. S. With respect to their idea of the possession of soil, it is similar to that of the Ottoes; they hunt on the south side of the river Platte, higher up and on the head of the Kansas. A great proportion of this country is open plains, interspersed, however, with groves of timber, which are most generally found in the vicinity of the water courses. It is generally fertile and well watered; lies level, and free of stone. They have resided in the country which they now inhabit, since they were known to the whites. Their trade is a valuable one, from the large proportion of beaver and otter which they furnish, and it may be expected yet to increase, as those animals are still abundant in their country. The periods of their residence at their village and hunting, are simi- S. These are also a branch of the Panias proplar to the Kansas and Osages. Their population er, who separated themselves from that nation is increasing. They are friendly and hospitable many years since, and established themselves on to all white persons; pay great respect and defer- a north branch of the river Platte, to which their ence to their traders, with whom they are punc-name was also given. These people have liketual in the payment of their debts. They are, in all respects, a friendly, well disposed people. They cultivate corn, beans, melons, &c. A. Pānias Republican. B. Ar-rah'-på-hoo. C. Republic. D. Pania. Q. With Pania-picque, Great and Little Osage, Kansas, Le Plays, Sioux, Ricaras, Mahas, Poncars, Ottoes, and Missouris. R. Panias proper, and Panias Republican. wise no idea of an exclusive right to any portion of country. They hunt on the Wolf river above their village, and on the river Platte above the mouth of that river. This country is very similar to that of the Panias proper, though there is an extensive body of fertile, well-timbered land between the Wolf river below their village, and the river Corn de Cerf, or Elkhorn river. They E. Panias proper and Panias Republican live cultivate corn, beans, &c. The particulars rela in the same village. F. G. 300. H. 1,400. I. With the Panias proper. J. Merchants of St. Louis. K. See page 1044 K. L. See page 1044 L. S. Are a branch of the Pania proper, or, as they are frequently termed, the Big Paunch. About ten years since they withdrew themselves from the mother nation, and established a village on a large northwardly branch of the Kanzas, to which they have given name. They afterwards subdivided, and lived in different parts of the country on the waters of the Kanzas river, but being harassed by their turbulent neighbors, the Kanzas, they rejoined the Panias proper last Spring. What has been said with respect to the Panias proper is applicable to these people, except that they hunt principally on the Republican ted of the other Panias is also applicable to them. They are seldom visited by any trader, and therefore usually bring their furs and peltry to the village of the Panias proper, where they traffic with the whites. Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. Q. Great and Little Osage, Kanzas, Loups, Ottoes, Missouris, and all the Sioux, except the Yankton Ahnâ. R. With the Panias proper, Panias Republicans, Yanktons Ahna, Saukees, Renars, and Ayou wais. E. Three. F. G. 500. I. On the south west side of the Missouri, 1,440 miles from its mouth. J. Merchants of St. Louis. M. 6,000. N. Buffalo robes principally, a small quantity of beaver, small foxes and grease. O. Buffalo robes, tallow and grease, skins of P. About the mouth of the river Chyenne, on the Missouri, or at the mouth of the Yellow Stone River. S. They have no idea of exclusive possession of soil. About ten years since, they boasted 700 warriors. They have lived in a village, on the west bank of the Missouri, 236 miles above the mouth of the river Platte, where they cultivated corn, beans, and melons: they were warlike, and the terror of their neighbors. In the summer and autumn of 1802, they were visited by the small-beaver, small and large foxes, wolves, antelopes pox, which reduced their numbers to something and elk in great abundance: also otter, deer and less than 300; they burnt their village, and have grizzly bears. become a wandering nation, deserted by the traders, and the consequent deficiency of arms and ammunition, has invited frequent aggressions from their neighbors, which have tended to reduce them still further. They rove principally on the waters of the river Quicurre, or Rapid river. The country is generally level, high, and open it is fertile, and tolerably well watered. They might easily be induced to become stationary: they are well disposed towards the whites, and are good hunters: their country abounds in beaver and otter, and their trade will increase and become valuable, provided they become stationary, and are at peace. The Tetons Bois brûle killed and took about 60 of them last summer. Q. With the Crow Indians, Snake Indians, Panias Loups, Assinniboins, Nemosen, Alitan, la Plays, and Paunch Indians. R. Chyennes, Wetepahatoes, Kiawas, Kanenavich, Staetan, Cattako, Dotame, Castahanas, Mandans, Ah-wah-haways, Minetares, and partially with the Sioux. S. Are remains of ten large tribes of Panias, who have been reduced, by the small-pox and the Sioux, to their present number. They live in fortified villages, and hunt immediately in their neigborhood. The country around them, in every direction, for several hundred miles, is entirely bare of timber, except on the water courses and steep declivities of hills, where it is sheltered from the ravages of fire. The land is tolerably well watered, and lies well for cultivation. The remains of the villages of these people are to be seen on many parts of the Missouri, from the mouth of Tetone river to the Mandans. They claim no land except that on which their villages stand, and the field which they cultivate. The Tetons claim the country around them. Though they are the oldest inhabitants, they may properly be considered the farmers or tenants at will of that lawless, savage, and rapacious race the Sioux Teton, who rob them of their horses, plunder their gardens and fields, and sometimes murder them, without opposition. If these people were freed from the oppression of the Tetons, their trade would increase rapidly, and might be extended to a considerable amount. They maintain a partial trade with their oppressors, the Tetons, to whom they barter horses, mules, corn, beans, and a species of tobacco, which they cultivate; and receive in return, guns, ammunition, kettles, axes, and other articles which the Tetons obtained from the Yanktons of the N. and Sissatones, who trade with Mr. Cammeron, on the river St. Peters. These horses and mules the Ricaras obtain from their western neighbors, who visit them frequently for the purpose of trafficking. N. Principally the skins of the large and small wolves, and the small fox, with Buffalo robes, some skins of the large fox and beaver, also corn and beans. O. The same as the Ricars (see page 1048 O.) except the grizzly bear. They could furnish, in addition, the skins of a large species of white hare, a very delicate fur. P. At or near the mouth of the Yellow Stone river. Q. With no nation except a defensive war with the Sioux. R. With all nations who do not wage war against them. L. 3000. M. 1,000. N. See page 1049, N. Q. Defensive war with the Sioux, and offensive with Snake Indians and Flatheads. R. With all who do not wage war against them, except the Snake Indians and Flatheads. S. They differ but very little, in any particular, from the Mandans, their neighbors, except in the unjust war which they, as well as the Minetares, prosecute against the defenceless Snake Indians, from which I believe, it will be difficult to induce them to desist. They claim to have once been a part of the Crow Indians, whom they still acknowledge as relations. They have resided on the Missouri as long as their tradition will enable them to inform. A. Minetares. B. E-hât-sår, C. Gross Ventres. D. *. F. G. 6,000. Me-ne-tar-re, 1st village. I. On both sides of Knife river, near the Misfive miles above the Mandans. J. See page 1049, J. S. These are the most friendly, well disposed Indians inhabiting the Missouri. They are brave, humane, and hospitable. About 25 years since they lived in six villages, about forty miles below their present villages, on both sides of the Missouri, souri. Repeated visitations of the small-pox, aided by frequent attacks of the Sioux, has reduced them to their present number. They claim no particular tract of country. They live in fortified villages, hunt immediately in their neighborhood, and cultivate corn, beans, squashes, and tobacco, which form articles of traffic with their neighbors the Assinniboin: they also barter tion, axes, kettles, and other articles of European manufacture, which these last obtain from the British establishments on the Assinniboin river. The articles which they thus obtain from the Assinniboins and the British traders who visit them, they again exchange for horses and leather tents with the Crow Indians, Chyennes, Wetepahatoes, Kiawas, Kanenavich, Stactan and Cataka, who visit them occasionally for the purpose of traffic. Their trade may be much increased. Their country is similar to that of the Ricaras. Population increasing. A. Ahwahâway. C. Gens des Soulier. D. Menetarres. E. One. F. G. 50. H. 200. K. At their villages and hunting camps. M. 3,000. N. See page 1049, N. O. The same as the Mandans (see p. 1049, O.) with the addition of the white bear. P. See p. 1049, P. Q. Defensive war with the Sioux, and offensive with the Snake Indians and Flatheads. R. With all, except the Snake Indians and Flatheads, who do not wage war against them. S. They claim no particular country, nor do they assign themselves any limits; their tradition relates that they have always resided at their present villages. In their customs, manners, and dispositions, they are similar to the Mandans and Ahwahhaways. The scarcity of fuel induces them to reside, during the cold seasor, in large bands, in camps, on different parts of the Missouri, as high up that river as the mouth of the river Yellow Stone, and west of their villages, about the Turtle mountain. I believe that these people, as well as the Mandans and Ahwahhaways, might be prevailed on to remove to the mouth of Yellow Stone river, provided an establishment is made at that place. They have as yet furnished scarcely any beaver, although the country they hunt abounds with them; the lodges of these animals are to be seen within a mile of their villages. I. On the southwest side of the Missouri, three These people have also suffered considerably by miles above the Mandans. the small-pox; but have successfully resisted the attacks of the Sioux. The Northwest Company intend to form an establishment in the course of Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. the next summer and autumn, on the Missouri, near these people, which, if effected, will most probably prevent their removal to any point which our Government may hereafter wish them to reside at. A. Ayauwais. C. Ne Percé. D. Missouri. E. One. F. G. 200. H. 800. I. Forty leagues up the river Demoin on the southeast side. J. Mr. Crawford, and other merchants from K. At their village and hunting camps. M. 6,000. O. See p. 1051, O. P. At Prairie de Chien, (or dog plain.) R. Kansas, Ottoes, Missouris, Panias, Mahas. Poncars, and Ayauways, and all the nations east of the Mississippi, and south of the Chippeways. also with the Yankton-ahnahs. S. Saukees and Renars, or Foxes. These nations are so perfectly consolidated they may, in fact, be considered as one nation only. They speak the same language; they formerly resided on the east side of the Mississippi, and still claim the land on that side of the river, from the mouth of the Oisconsin to the Illinois river, and eastward towards Lake Michigan; but to what particular boundary, I am not informed; they also claim, by conquest, the whole of the country belonging to the ancient Missouris, which forms one of the most valuable portions of Louisiana, N. Deer skins principally, and the skins of the but what proportion of this territory they are wilblack bear, beaver, otter, grey fox, raccoon, musk-ling to assign to the Ayouways, who also claim a rat, and mink. O. Deerskins, beaver, black bear, otter, grey fox, raccoon, muskrat, and mink; also, elk, and deers' tallow and bear's oil. P. At the mouth of the Kansas. part of it, I do not know, as they are at war with the Sioux, who live N. and N. W. of them, except the Yankton-ahnah. Their boundaries in that quarter are also undefined; their trade would become much more valuable if peace was established between them and the nations west of the Missouri, with whom they are at war; their population has remained nearly the same for many Q. Particularly with the Osage, Kansas, and Chippeways, la Fallorine, and those of Leach and Sand Lakes: sometimes with the Mahas and Sioux Wahpatone, Mindawarcarton and Wah-years; they raise an abundance of corn, beans, pacoota. R. With the Ottoes, Missouris, Sioux, Yanktonahnah, and all the nations east of the Mississippi, and south of the Chippeways. S. They are the descendants of the ancient Missouries, and claim the country west of them to the Missouri; but as to its precise limits, or boundaries, between themselves and the Saukees and Foxes, I could never learn. They are a turbulent savage race, frequently abuse their traders, and commit depredations on those ascending and descending the Missouri. Their trade cannot be expected to increase much. A. Saukees. B. O'saw-kee. C. la Sauk. D. * E. Two. and melons; they sometimes hunt in the country west of them, towards the Missouri, but their principal hunting is on both sides of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Oisconsin to the mouth of the Illinois river. These people are extremely friendly to the whites, and seldom injure their traders; but they are the most implacable enemies to the Indian nations with whom they are at war. To them is justly attributable the almost entire destruction of the Missouris, the Illinois, Cahokias, Kaskaskias, and Piorias. A. Foxes. B. Ot-tar-går-me. D. Saukee. E. One. |