as may fand with the good of the Plantation, but no further. It is a thameful and unbleffed thing, to take the Scum of People, and wicked condemned Men, to be the People with whom you Plant: And not only fo, but it spoileth the Plantation; for they will ever live like Rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy, and do mifchief, and spend Victuals, and be quickly weary; and then certifie over to their Country to the dif credit of the Plantation. The People wherewith you Plant, ought to be Gardners, Plough-men, Labourers, Smiths, Carpenters, Joyners, Fishermen, Fowlers, with fome few Apothecaries, Surgeons, Cooks, and Bakers. In a Countrey of Plantation, first look about what kind of Victual the Country yields of it self to Hand; as Chefnuts, Walnuts, Pine-Apples, Olives, Dates, Plumbs, Cherries, Wild-Honey, and the like,and make use of them. Then confider what Victual, or Efculent things there are, which grow fpeedily, and within the year; as Parfnips, Carrets, Turnips, Onions, Raddish, Artichoaks of Jerufalem, Maiz, and the like. For Wheat, Barly, and Oats, they ask too much labour: But with Pease and Beans you may begin,both because they ask lefs labour, and because they serve for Meat as well as for Bread. And of Rice likewife cometh a great increase, and it is a kind of Meat. Above all, there ought to be brought store of Bisket, Oat-meal, Flour, Meal, and the like, in the beginning, till Bread may be had. For Beafts and Birds, take chiefly fuch as are leaft fubject

fubject to Difeafes, and multiply fafteft; as Swine, Goats, Cocks, Hens, Turkeys, Geese, House-Doves, and the like. The Victual in

Plantations ought to be expended, almost as in a beficged Town; that is, with a certain Allowance; and let the main part of the Ground employed to Gardens or Corn, be to a common ftock, and to be laid in, and ftored up, and then delivered out in Proportion, befides fome Spots of ground that any particular Perfon will ma nure for his own private use. Confider likewife what Commodities the Soyl, where the Plantation is, doth naturally yield, that they may some way help to defray the charge of the Plantation: So it be not, as was faid, to the untimely Prejudice of the main bufinefs; as it hath fared with Tobacco in Virginia. Wood commonly aboundeth but too much, and therefore Timber is fit to be one. If there be Iron Ore,and Streams whereupon to fet the Mills, Iron is a brave commodity where Wood aboundeth. Making of Bay Salt, if the Climate be proper for it, would be put in experience. Growing Silk likewise, if any be, is a likely commodity. Pitch and Tar, where ftore of Firs and Pines are, will not fail. So Drugs, and Sweet Woods, where they are, cannot but yield great profit. Soap Ashes likewife, and other things that may be thought of. But moyl not too much under Ground; for the hope of Mines is very uncertain, and useth to make the Planters lazy in other things. For Government, let it be in the hands of one affifted

with fome Counfel; and let them have Commiffion to exercife Martial Laws with fome limitation. And above all, Let Men make that Profit of being in the Wilderness, as they have God always, and his fervice before their eyes. Let not the Government of the Plantation depend upon too many Counsellors and Undertakers in the Country that Planteth, but upon a temperate number; and let thofe be rather Noblemen and Gentlemen, than Merchants; for they look ever to the prefent Gain. Let there be Freedoms for Custom, till the Plantation be of Strength; and not only Freedom from Cuftom, but Freedom to carry their Commodities, where they may make their best of them, except there be fome fpecial caufe of Caution. Cram not in People, by fending too fast, Company after Company, but rather hearken how they wafte, and fend Supplies proportionably; but fo, as the number may live well in the Plantation, and not by furcharge be in penury. It hath been a great endangering to the health of fome Plantations, that they have built along the Sea and Rivers in marifh and unwholesome Grounds. Therefore, though you begin there to avoid carriage, and other like difcommodities, yet build still rather upwards from the Streams, than along. It concerneth likewife the health of the Plantation, that they have good ftore of Salt with them, that they may use it in their Victuals, when it fhall be neceffary. If you Plant where Savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and gingles, but

ufe

use them justly and graciously, with fufficient guard nevertheless; and do not win their favour by helping them to invade their Enemies; but for their defence it is not amifs. And fend oft of them over to the Country that Plant, that they may fee a better condition than their own, and commend it when they return. When the Plantation grows to ftrength, then it is time. to Plant with Women as well as with Men, that the Plantation may spread into Generations, and not be ever pieced from without. It is the finfulleft thing in the World to forfake or deftitute a Plantation once in Forwardness; for besides the dishonour, it is guiltiness of Blood of many commiferable Perf

ons.

I

XXXIV.

Of Riches.

Cannot call Riches better than the baggage of Vertue. The Roman word is better, Impedimenta for as the Baggage is to an Army, fo is Riches to Vertue. It cannot be spared, nor left behind, but it hindreth the March: Yea, and the care of it fometimes lofeth or disturbeth the Victory. Of great Riches there is no real ufe, except it be in the Distribution, the rest is but conceit: So faith Solomon, Where much is, there are many to confume it; and what hath the

owner

owner, but the fight of it with his eyes? The Perfonal Fruition in any Man cannot reach to feel great Riches: There is a Cuftody of them, or a power of Dole and Donative of them, or a Fame of them, but no folid ufe to the owner. Do you not fee what feigned Prices are set upon little Stones and Rarities? And what works of Oftentation are undertaken, because there might feem to be fome ufe of great Riches? But then you will fay, they may be of ufe to buy Men out of dangers or troubles: as Solomon faith, Riches are as a strong Hold in the Imagination of the Rich Man. But this is excellently expreffed, That it is in Imagination, and not always in Fact: For certainly great Riches have fold more Men than they have bought out. Seek not proud Riches, but fuch as thou mayeft get juftly, ufe foberly, diftribute cheerfully, and leave contentedly: Yet have no Abstract nor Frierly contempt of them, but diftinguish, as Cicero faith well of Rabirius Pofthumus; In ftudio rei amplificandæ apparebat, non Avaritie predam, fed inftrumentum Bonitati, quari. Hearken alfo to Solomon, and beware of hafty gathering of Riches: Qui feftinat ad Divitias, non erit infons. The Poets feign, that when Plutus (which is Riches) is fent from Jupiter,' he limps and goes flowly; but when he is fent from Plato, he runs, and is fwift of foot; meaning, that Riches gotten by good means, and juft labour, pace flowly: But when they come by the death of others, (as by the courfe of Inheritance, Teftaments, and the like) they come' tumbling