age passengers, and these would have hung that man in another five minutes had not Captain Baldwin interposed. The gambler claimed that he had bought the nugget in San Francisco, had, himself, been imposed on, and showed a bill of sale. After some negotiation, Baldwin consented to an investigation, which resulted in a regular "miners' court," on the hurricane deck of the "Brother Jonathan." An old gentleman named Kelly - the same who owned Kelly's Island in Lake Erie, famous for its grapes-was chosen as judge; a good jury of twelve men was impaneled; a prosecuting attorney was appointed, and the prisoner was allowed to choose his own counsel. Baldwin had the awning spread, and chairs and benches for the court, witnesses and spectators, of whom I was one; and I have rarely seen a more dignified court. The testimony was full and complete; the arguments of counsel were really brilliant; the charge of the judge dignified, and the jury retired. In due time the foreman sent word that the jury had come to a verdict. All again assembled on that hurricane deck, and the ver

dict was rendered: "Guilty; the worthless nugget to be cast into the sea; the money the gambler had actually received to be given to the Illinois boy (about $350), and the gambler to be punished with hickory withes as soon as he got ashore in Nicaragua." The result was that Captain Baldwin maintained the honor and discipline of his ship, the boy got the net proceeds of the lottery, and as there is not a "hickory withe" within a thousand miles of Nicaragua, I infer that that gambler got off without a beating.

It is a matter of history that I, individually and officially, opposed the Vigilance Committee of San Francisco in 1856, because I believed the time had passed for such extreme measures; that the courts, especially Judge Norton's, were better qualified to try the cases which caused so much feeling than any which could be devised by the Vigilance Committee; and I knew that the Governor of the State, J. Neely Johnson, was resolved to execute the lawful sentences of the courts.

Absolute and perfect obedience to the Consti

tution of the United States is, and should be, the duty and pride of every good citizen. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth amendments guarantee to the vilest criminal protection till duly convicted, and to no single man or community is given the right to set aside these fundamental principles of eternal justice.

In due time the "Brother Jonathan" reached San Juan del Sur, and we all scrambled to get across to Greytown and home. I have seen none of these people since; but with Baldwin as Midshipman, Lieutenant, Captain, Commodore, and Admiral, I have been associated ever since; and but a few weeks ago I saw the casket inclosing his body lowered into an honored tomb.

If our Government will continue to encourage such men, no American need entertain a doubt of the future of his country.

Wholesale murders, mobs, miners' courts, and vigilance committees have long ceased in California. We go there to-day in palace cars, with every luxury and comfort, in less than one week, knowing that for a reasonable consideration the Palace, Baldwin, Cosmopolitan and Lick

Justice and law are

hotels will receive us, and give better entertainment than the Grand of Paris or Langham of London. Justice and law are as well enforced there as here in New York, and all the manufactures, trade and business are conducted on a scale which fully measures the demand.

Such transformations have not occurred in the same time since the creation of the earth, and seem more like the fables of the Arabian Nights than a reality; yet these things are the creations of American energy. Nothing but the folly of man can check this progress, and the modern Ku-Klux and White Caps should take warning, and join in this general advance by honest, persistent, methods rather than by spasmodic attempts. Let them reform themselves and take the beam out of their own eyes before seeking the mote in others—a measure sanctioned by high authority.

W. T. SHERMAN.

IN

GRANT, THOMAS, LEE.

Macmillan's Magazine for March, 1887, published in London and New York, appears a most interesting article of ten pages, from the pen of General Lord Wolseley, in which, reviewing the recent Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, his Military and Personal History, by General A. L. Long and General Marcus J. Wright, General Wolseley describes his personal acquaintance in 1862 with that famous man, the great impression made by his graceful manner and profound intelligence, and concludes with the following paragraph: "When all the angry feelings roused by secession are buried with those which existed when the Declaration of Independence was writwhen Americans can review the history of their last great rebellion with calm impartiality, I believe that all will admit that General Lee towered far above all men on either side in that struggle. I believe he will be regarded, not only

ten,