7. With intention of going to a certain place: as, “We sailed from Peru for China.”

8. In expectation of: as, "He waited long for the return of

his friend."

9. Instead of: as, "We take a falling meteor for a star." 10. In search of: as, "He went far back for arguments." 11. In favour of: as, "One party was for the king, the other for the people.

12. Becoming as, "It were more for his honour to submit on this occasion.'

13. Notwithstanding: as, " For any thing we know to the contrary, the design may be accomplished."

14. To preserve: as, "I cannot for my life comply with the proposal."

15. In proportion to: as, "He is not very tall, yet for his years he is tall."

16. For the purpose of: as, "It was constructed for sailing in rough weather."

17. To be: as, "No one ever took him for a very prudent

man."

18. In illustration of: as, "Thus much for the first point under consideration."

19. In exchange for: as, "They received gold for their glass beads."

20. During: as, "He was elected to the office for his life." 21. In recompense of: as, "For his great and numerous ser

vices, they voted him a statue."

22. After O, it denotes an expression of desire: as, “O, for better times:" "O, for a place of rest and peace."

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Before the conclusion of this chapter, we shall present the reader with a list of Prepositions, which are derived from the Latin and Greek languages, and which enter into the composition of a great number of our words. If their signification should be carefully studied by the learner, he will be the better qualified to understand, with accuracy, the meaning of a numerous class of words, in which they form a material part.

The Latin prepositions used in the composition of English words, are the following: a, abs, ad, ante, &c.

A, AB, ABS,—signify from or away: as, to avert, to turn from; to abstract, to draw away.

AD-signifies to or at: as, to adhere, to stick to; to admire, to wonder at.

ANTE-means before: as, antecedent, going before; to antedate, to date before.

CIRCUM―means round, about; as, to circumnavigate, to sail

round.

CON, COM, CO, COL-signify together: as, to conjoin, to join together; to compress, to press together; to co-operate, to work together; to collapse, to fall together.

CONTRA—against: as, to contradict, to speak against. DE-signifies from, down: as, to depart, to retire from; to deject, to cast down.

DI-asunder; as, dilacerate, to tear asunder.

DIS-reverses the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed; as, to disagree, to dispossess.

E, EX-out: as, to eject, to throw out; to exclude, to shut out. EXTRA-beyond: as, extraordinary, beyond the ordinary

course.

IM-before an adjective, like un, signifies privation: as, indecent, not decent; before a verb it has its simple meaning; as, to infuse, to pour in; to infix, to fix in.

INTER-between: as, to intervene, to come between; to interpose, to put between.

INTRO-into, inwards: as, to introduce, to lead into; to introvert, to turn inwards.

OB-denotes opposition: as, to object, to oppose; to obstruct, to block up; obstacle, something standing in opposition. PER-through: as, to perambulate, to walk through; to perforute, to bore through.

POST-after: as post meridian, afternoon; Postscript, written after, that is, after the letter.

PRE-before: as, to pre-exist, to exist before; to prefix, to fix

before.

PRO-forth, or forwards: as, to protend, to stretch forth; to project, to shoot forwards.

PR.ETER-past, or beyond: as, preterperfect, pastperfect; preternatural, beyond the course of nature.

RE-again, or back: as, to reprint, to print again: to retrace, to trace back.

RETRO--backwards: as, retrospective, looking backwards; retrograde, going backwards.

SE-aside, apart: as, to seduce, to draw aside; to secrete, to put aside.

SUB-under: as, subterranean, lying under the earth; to subscribe, to subsign, to write under.

Vol. I.

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SUBTER-under: as, subterfluous, flowing under.

SUPER-above, or over: as, superscribe, to write above; to supervise, to overlook.

TRANS-over, beyond, from one place to another: as, to transport, to carry over: to transgress, to pass beyond; to transplant, to remove from one soil to another.

The Greek prepositions and particles used in the composition of English words, are the following: a, amphi, anti, hyper, &c.

A-signifies privation: as, anonymous, without name.

AMPHI-both, or the two: as, amphibious, partaking of both, or of two natures.

ANTI-against: as, antimonarchical, against government by a single person; antiministerial, against the ministry. HYPER—over and above: as hypercritical, over, or too critical. HYPO-under, implying concealment, or disguise: as, hypocrite, one dissembling his real character.

META-denotes change or transmutation: as, to metamorphose, to change the shape.

PERI-round about: as, periphrasis, circumlocution.

SYN, SYM―together: as, synod, a meeting, or coming together: sympathy, fellow-feeling, feeling together.

CHAPTER IX.

OF CONJUNCTIONS.

A CONJUNCTION is a part of speech that is chiefly used to connect sentences; so as, out of two or more sentences, to make but one. It sometimes connects only words.

Conjunctions are principally divided into two sorts, the COPULATIVE and the DISJUNCTIVE.

The Conjunction Copulative serves to connect or to continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a supposition, a cause, &c.: as, "He and his brother reside in London;" "I will go if he will accompany me:""You are happy, because you are good."

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The Conjunction Disjunctive serves, not only to connect and continue the sentence, but also to express opposition of meaning in different degrees: as, Though he was frequently reproved, yet he did not reform;"They came with her, but they went away without her."

The following is a list of the principal conjunctions.

The Copulative. And, if, that, both, then, since, for, because, therefore, wherefore.

The Disjunctive. But, or, nor, as, than, lest, though, unless, either, neither, yet, notwithstanding.

The same word is occasionally used both as a conjunction and as an adverb; and sometimes as a preposition. "I rest then upon this argument;" then is here a conjunction in the following phrase it is an adverb: "He arrived then, and not before." "I submitted; for it was vain to resist:" in this sentence, for is a conjunction: in the next it is a preposition: "He contended for victory only." In the first of the following sentences, since is a conjunction; in the second it is a preposition; and in the third, an adverb: "Since we must part, let us do it peaceably:" "I have not seen him since that time:""Our friendship commenced long since."

RELATIVE PRONOUNS, as well as conjunctions, serve to connect sentences; as, "Blessed is the man who feareth the Lord, and keepeth his commandments."

A relative pronoun possesses the force both of a pronoun and a connective. Nay, the union by relatives is rather closer than that by mere conjunctions. The latter may form two or more sentences into one; but, by the former, several sentences may incorporate in one and the same clause of a sentence. Thus, "thou seest a man, and he is called Peter," is a sentence consisting of two distinct clauses, united by the copulative and: but, "the man whom thou seest is called Peter," is a sentence of one clause, and not less comprehensive than the other.

CONJUNCTIONS Very often unite sentences, when they appear to unite only words; as in the following instances: "Duty and interest forbid vicious indulgences;" "Wisdom or folly governs us." Each of these forms of expression contains two sentences, namely; "Duty forbids vicious indulgences; interest forbids vicious indulgences:" "Wisdom govern us, or folly governs us."

Though the conjunction is commonly used to connect sentences together, yet, on some occasions, it merely connects words, not sentences: as, "The king and queen are an amiable pair;" where the affirmation cannot refer to each: it being absurd to say, that the king or the queen only, is an amiable pair. So in the instances, "two and two are four;" "the fifth and sixth volumes will complete the set of books." Prepositions also, as before observed, connect words; but they do it to show the relation which the connected words have to each other; conjunctions when they unite words only, are designed to show the relations, which those words, so united, have to other parts of the sentence.

As there are many conjunctions and connective phrases appropriated to the coupling of sentences, that are never employed in joining the members of a sentence, so there are several conjunctions appropriated to the latter use, which are never employed in the former; and some that are equally adapted to both those purposes: as, again, further, besides, &c. of the first kind; than, lest, unless, that, so that, &c. of the second; and but, and, for, therefore, &c. of the last.

We shall close this chapter with a few observations on the peculiar use and advantage of the conjunction; a subject which will, doubtless, give pleasure to the ingenious student, and expand his views of the importance of his grammatical studies. The observations are taken from Dr. Beattie.

Conjunctions are those parts of language, which by joining sentences in various ways, mark the connexions, and various