well, &c., in Gloucestershire; at Souldern, in Ox-name, so corrupted it into Fairmedoe and Fairfordshire; at Waddesden, Long Crenden, &c., in meadow. He says:Buckinghamshire; at Bedford; in Surrey, and in other parts. Can R. D. give me pedigrees of any of the families of Dodwell of these or of any other places? REGINALD STEWART BODDINGTON. 15, Markham Square, Chelsea. REV. HENRY ADAMS, M.A. (1764-1839) (8th S. iii. 387, 417).-He matriculated from Wadham College, Oxford, Nov. 28, 1785, ct. twenty-one, as the son of Henry Adams, of Buckler's Hard, Hants, gent., and graduated B.A. June 12, 1789, proceeding M.A. on Dec. 17, 1794 (Foster's Alumni Oxonienses,' 1715-1886, i. 6). His death is thus recorded in Gent. Mag., July, 1839, New Series, vol. xii. p. 95: April 27. At Beaulieu, Hants, aged 74, the Rev. Henry Adams, for forty-nine years Chaplain of that place, and Chaplain to Lord Viscount Montagu, and for forty-one years Vicar of Hatch Beauchamp." Mr. Adams does not appear to have joined the ranks of authors. DANIEL HIPWELL. 17, Hilldrop Crescent, N. "A FLY ON THE CORPORAL" (8th S. ii. 147; iii. 298, 416).-Has not the meaning of the word corporal" been misunderstood by your correspondents? Is not the allusion to the "corporale," which Bailey thus explains ? "A Communion Cloth used in the Church of Rome, being a square Piece of Linen on which the Chalice and Host are placed by the Priest who officiates at Mass." The presence of a fly thereon would be regarded as desecration. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. "I find that on the 20th April, 1683, letters of Administration were granted in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury of the estate of Sir Cornelius Fairmedce, Knight, of St. Martin in the Fields, Middlesex, to his relict Dame Dyonisia, Among my extracts from the registers of St. Martin in the Fields I have this burial: 1638, April 6, Cornelius Farmado, eques auratus,' "' He goes on to tell me that in his own transcript of Dugdale's manuscript of knights, now in the Bodleian Library, it is stated that "Cornelius Faremedow, of Fulham, Middlesex," was knighted at Windsor, Sept. 25, 1628. Sir Cornelius Vermeuyden is mentioned in Stonehouse's History of the Isle of Axholme,' in Rous's 'Diary' (Camd. Soc.), 128, and in 'Report of Hist. MSS. Com.,' iii. 228. I have also a note that Sir Cornelius and a Bartholomew Vermuyden had something to do with mines at Wirksworth. See Addit. MSS., 6677, pp. 191, 395; 6678, p. 261; 6681, p. 264; 6682, p. 355. Cornelius Vermuyden the younger left the army of the Parliament a few days before the Battle of Naseby. Joshua Sprigg says, under June 8, 1645: "This day, Colonel Vermuden, who the day before was with his party of Horse returned, and come near to the quarters of the army, himself came to the general, desiring (in regard of some special occasions which he said he had to draw him beyond seas) that he might have leave to lay down his commission, which was yielded unto, and accordingly he received his discharge." -'Anglia Rediviva,' ed. 1854, p. 32. EDWARD PEACOCK. Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. HENCHMAN (7th S. ii. 246, 298, 336, 469; iii. SERENE HIGHNESS (8th S. iii. 409).-Does not 31, 150, 211, 310, 482; 8th S. iii. 194, 389).— "Royal Highness" strictly (and etymologically) The word is older than 1415. It occurs in 1400, mean that the person bearing the title is the "Henxtmen Dominæ " (Wardrobe Account, 2 son, or other descendant, of a king; whereas Hen. IV., 95/30, Q.R.); 1378-9," Hans Wynsele, "Serene Highness" is the title of an archduke, a henxsman Regis "(ibid., 43/2, Q.R.). Henchmen grand duke, or some sovereign whose position is are mentioned in connexion with two queens, just short of regal? Cromwell certainly was not Katherine of France (ibid., Enrolments of Ex-a king's son by birth, and he failed to be a king's chequer, Roll 12, fol. 11, L. T.R.) and Marguerite father by usurpation, as this happy day (May 29) of Anjou (ibid., fol. 39, dorso). EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. HERMENTRUDE. reminds us. the accent of Welsh words is on the penultimate, 250; 6th S. i. 436; ii. 329, 358, 415, 433; iii. with very rare exceptions. 35; iv. 56; 7th S. iv. 127; vii. 26.' There is no etymological or orthographical affinity in the words "Ifan" and "Ifange.' It is not correct to say "that they differ from one another by the addition of one letter only." ""Ifan" is spelled with an n, but Ifange" with ng, a dị graph_expressing the simple sound eng. What radical heresy could not be established by spelling words to suit the theory? The correct native spelling" of "Evan" is "Ifan," i and f being the equivalents of the English e and v. The very old Welsh authors used v, but in modern Welsh it has been discarded and f substituted, I think with disadvantage, for it necessitates the adoption of a cumbrous digraph ff for f. 71, Brecknock Road. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. St. Paul's Cathedral Library. By W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D. (Stock.) DR. SIMPSON does not profess to enumerate in this catalogue all the separate volumes and pamphlets, 21,000 He gives us, however, that proverbial half which is and odd, which are contained in the Cathedral Library. better than the whole in a judicious selection of the books which seem to have a distinctive claim to belong to such a collection. The items here catalogued fall under three classes: (1) Biblical and Liturgical books; It is misleading to say that "Ieuan" is pro-ing; (3) books relating to the City of London generally. (2) books illustrating the history or fabric of the buildnounced "Ifan." In the Welsh every letter in a Miscellaneous works which may be found in general word has its own proper value, and asserts itself in libraries are of set purpose omitted. This unique collecthe pronunciation distinctly and without variation. tion, over which Dr. Simpson presides, has been got There are no silent letters and no changes. Once together almost entirely during his own tenure of the you have mastered the alphabet, you read straight when he was appointed to the office, in 1862, there was librarianship. He mentions, with pardonable pride, that on without let or hindrance. "Ieuan" could not hardly a book in the library, with the exception of Dugbe pronounced "Ifan." dale's well-known work, which bore directly on the Cathedral; now it is the most important and complete collection in existence on this special subject. desideratum we have noted is John Weever's Ancient information about Old St. Paul's, a not very scarce book, Funerall Monuments,' 1631, which gives much curious but we have failed to notice it in these pages or the index. Dr. Simpson refers with some satisfaction to the series of Paul's Cross sermons which he has brought together, and to the valuable collection of maps, plans, and views which he has amassed by diligent research. His zeal has led him even to seek out books in general literature which give incidental notices of St. Paul's. Among these allusion-books he has overlooked George Wither's Britain's Remembrancer,' 1628 (pp. 108 seq.), an author, by the way, whose name he misspells on accurately The bibliography seems very carefully and done, and we congratulate the learned librarian on this colophon put to his labours. There can be no doubt that the Welsh word for John, "Ioan," pronounced "Yo-an" is the Greek Iwavvns, abbreviated to suit the Welsh idiom and introduced with the Gospel into the language, as were many other Greek words, for instance, "Efengyl"= gospel, ang-el" angel, &c. I can give no authority at present, but it is taken and accepted by Welshmen generally that the names "Afan," "Ifan," "Owain," 29 66 Ieuan," are mere variants of "Ioan." So also the Russian "Ivan " and the Spanish "Juan," pronounced "Yu-an," I understand. I could not pretend to trace the history and causes of all these variants, but it is obvious that the case of "Ieuan" and "Ivan," of "Ieuange" and "Ivange" must be referred to the mediaval MS. writers who used the u and the vinterchangeably, and the readers would pronounce these letters indifferently according to their fancy. If you displace the u in "Ieuan" by the v of "Ivan " you have "Ievan," and if you transpose the u of "Ieuan" to the place of v in "Ivan," ""Iuan" appears; so also by the transposition of these letters in "Ieuange" and "Ifangc," one word will take the place of the other. JNO. HUGHES. re 17, Upper Warwick Street, Liverpool. There is no sound of Y in the Spanish "Juan." The Jis pronounced as a harsh aspirate, and between the u and the a these should be heard something very like the German ch. W. F. WAller. COBBLERS CALLED "6 SNOBS" (8th S. iii. 428).This question has been repeatedly asked in 'N. & Q.,' and replies obtained. See 1 S. i. 185, P. 45. One The Monumental Brasses of Lancashire and Cheshire. THE engravings given in this useful volume have been The west of England was, it is probable, never so rich in monuments of this kind as the southern and eastern shires; and, like the rest of the land, the churches there have suffered much from the violence of fanatics, the carelessness of churchwardens, and the stupidity of church restorers. Mr. Thornely has a sad tale to tell of "brasses torn from their beds in the floor of the choir and carted away to make room for those tiles so dear to the heart of the restoring churchwarden." Mr. Thornely has arranged his engravings and illustrative matter in chronological order. The series does not begin at an early date. The oldest in the district the writer has undertaken to illustrate is that of John Huntington, Warden of Manchester, which yet exists in the cathedral. He is vested in his canon's robes, and this brass is, on that account, of especial interest, as it shows how secular canons were vested when in choir at a period (1458) nearly a hundred years before the Reformation. The latest brass Mr. Thornely has figured is that of Ralph Assheton, of Middleton, dated 1650. He was an officer in the service of the Parliament during the Civil War, and is represented in his armour of plate and jackboots as he rode forth to battle. His commander's baton is in his hand and his sword supported by a very "long belt. We should conjecture from the pose of the figure that it is an exact copy of a full-length portrait painted during life. A History of Crustacea. By the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing, M.A. (Kegan Paul & Co.) THE volume before us forms the seventy-fourth of the "International Scientific Series," with some of which it may safely be assumed that all readers interested in any part of natural science are well acquainted. The present (if we may be pardoned for a small pleasantry) is on rather a crabbed subject, but it is treated in a way which speaks well for the choice of the hand to which it has been entrusted. Probably none but adepts have much idea of how extensive the whole subject is, so that only a portion could be adequately discussed in a volume of the size of those in this series. Dr. Henry Woodward, of the British Museum, had intended to publish therein a history of recent and fossil crustacea, but has been compelled to postpone it from the continual pressure of other engagements. The results of his unrivalled know. ledge of the extinct forms will probably at some future time be given to the public, and the materials which he had collected relating to the characters of the living organisms are in reserve for a future volume. Mean time, the portion of the subject dealt with in the present was by his express desire entrusted to Mr. Stebbing. It relates to the sub-class Malacostraca (a Greek word meaning soft-shelled animals), which includes those crustaceans which are highest in development and of most direct value to mankind. Their structure and habits are described in a way which cannot fail to inspire an interest in their study; and the value of the volume is greatly increased by the excellence of the illustrations. Epochs of American History.-Division and Reunion, 1829-1889. By Woodrow Wilson, Ph.D., LL.D. (Longmans, Green & Co.) THIS useful series of text-books, edited by Professor Hart of Harvard College, contains in brief compass an epitome of American history from 1492. The third and concluding volume, written by Dr. Woodrow Wilson, Professor of Jurisprudence in Princeton University,. brings down the narrative to the end of President Cleve land's first administration in 1889. It is well printed and carefully indexed. To the student who desires to extend his inquiries on any particular topic the bibliographies which are attached to the several divisions of the book will be exceedingly useful. Though apparently intended for the use of American schools, the average Englishman, who has but a vague idea of American history, will learn much by perusing it. Nevill Simmons, Bookseller and Publisher. With Notices of Literature connected with Old Sheffield. By George Hester. (Sheffield, Leader & Sons; London, Stock.) MR. HESTER seems to demonstrate that there were two Nevill Simmonses who were publishers. There was one at Kidderminster and another at Sheffield. As we can trace them for more than half a century, it is almost certain that they were not the same. We also meet with a printer of this name in 1670, whose place of business was the Three Crowns at Holborn Conduit. Mr. Hester gives several interesting bibliographical notices of these Puritan booksellers, who certainly knew Richard Baxter and who may well have come in contact with Milton. What we are about to say has little relation to the subject, but Mr. Hester's interesting pages have suggested to us how usefully some local antiquary would be employed who gave us a Sheffield bibliography. Most of the early Sheffield books are, we have been told, in the Hailstone collection in the library of York Minster. WE have received the first volume of the Calendar of Letters and State Papers relating to English Affairs preserved in the great Spanish record repository_at Simancas, issued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. Mr. Martin A. S. Hume is the editor. Few volumes of this abstracts leave little or nothing to be desired; they are great series show more careful workmanship. The sufficiently full to satisfy the demands of all but the most exigent antiquaries. The period covered is a most important one (1558-1567). Religious hatred had then arisen to boiling point. There was not a Christian land in which torture and death were not dealt out with lavish prodigality to those who held forms of faith not accepted by the ruling powers. As has been remarked before, every one with serious convictions on matters of faith at once looked around to find some one whom he might burn for contradicting them. Few persons, we imagine, will read the volume through from cover to cover; but there is no one who takes serious interest in Elizabethan history who will not find therein much that will interest him. WE learn that Mr. de V. Payen-Payne is about to publish through Messrs. Nutt a work on French Idioms and Proverbs, as a companion to Prof. Deshumbert's Dictionary of Difficulties.' Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, To secure insertion of communications correspondents or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." Contributors will oblige by addressing proofs to Mr. Slate, Athenæum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. H. T.-Unsuited to our columns. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return com. munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. THE ATHENEUM JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, The ATHENEUM for June 10 contains Articles on LEIGH HUNT. DANTE'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. THREE BOOKS on SCOTTISH HISTORY. The NICOMACHEAN ETHICS. The STEALING of the MARE. NEW NOVELS-A Passage through Bohemia; Parson Jones; Toppleton's Client. RUSSIAN LITERATURE. BOOKS for CHILDREN. The LITERATURE of the OLD TESTAMENT. OUR LIBRARY TABLE-LIST of NEW BOOKS. The BRIDE of LAMMERMOOR-CAXTON at WESTMINSTER- LITERARY GOSSIP. ALSO SCIENCE-The Royal Observatory, Greenwich; Prof. Karl Semper; FINE ARTS-The Royal Academy; Sale; Gossip. MUSIC-The Week; Concerts and Recitals; Music in Munich; Performances Next Week. DRAMA-The Week; Gossip. The ATHENÆUM for May 27 contains Articles on HEINE'S FAMILY LIFE. ORIEL and CORPUS CHRISTI, OXFORD. MR. MALLOCK'S VERSES. The EARLY VOYAGES of the EAST INDIA COMPANY. MAYOR on the EPISTLE of ST. JAMES. NEW NOVELS-Mrs. Curgenven of Curgenven; The Odd Women; The BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE. AMERICAN HISTORY. ORIENTAL LITERATURE. OUR LIBRARY TABLE-LIST of NEW BOOKS. MEMNON'S STATUE-A LETTER of EDMUND B URKE'S-The PITT SCIENCE-Botanical Literature; Chemical Notes; Astronomical Notes; FINE ARTS-Catalogue of Chinese Coins; The Archæological Societies; The ATHENAEUM, every SATURDAY, price THREEPENCE, of NOTICE.-The EXTRA SUMMER NUMBER of ‘ALL THE YEAR ROUND' is now ready, price 6d. LONDON: 12, ST. BRIDE-STREET, LUDGATE-CIRCUS, E.C Printed by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Athenæum Press, Bream's-buildings, Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by the said |