considerably in size, in form, in ornamentation, and in material-the latter, naturally, depending on the locality where the urns were made; and, as a general rule, they differ also in the different tribes.

Fig. 114.

Fig. 115. Those which are supposed to be the most ancient, from the fact of their frequently containing flint instruments along with the calcined bones, are of large size, ranging from nine or ten to sixteen or eighteen inches in height. Those which are considered to belong to a somewhat later period, when cremation had again become general, are of a smaller size, and of a somewhat finer texture. With them objects of flint are rarely found, but articles of bronze are occasionally discovered. Sometimes they are wide at the mouth, without any overlapping rim; at others they are characterized by a deeply overlapping lip or rim; others are more of "flowerpot" form, with encircling raised bands; while

others, again, are contracted inwardly at the mouth by curved rims. Some also have loops at the sides. The ornamentation is produced chiefly by incised lines, or punctures; or by lines, etc., produced by indenting a twisted thong into the soft clay. Encircling and zigzag lines of various forms, reticulated and lozenge-formed patterns, and rows of indentations, are the usual decorations; but occasionally clearly defined patterns are produced by the finger or thumb nail. Some examples are shown on Figs. 113 to 115.

The Drinking Cups are usually of tall form, globular in the lower half, contracted in the middle, and expanding at the mouth. In ornamentation they are more elaborate than the cinerary urns, many of them, in fact, being covered over their entire surface with impressed or incised patterns, frequently of considerable delicacy in manipulation, and always of a finer and higher quality than those of the other descriptions of pottery. In some instances a kind of incrustation is observable on the inner surface; this incrustation being, doubtless, produced by the gradual drying up of the liquid with which, when placed with the dead body, they had been filled. An example is given in Fig. 116.

The Food Vessels-small urns, so called because they were probably intended to contain an offering of food-are of various forms and sizes, and are, in point of decoration, more or less elaborate. They are usually small at the bottom, and gradually swell

out until they become, frequently, wider at the mouth than they are in height! They are formed of clay of much the same kind as the other vessels, and are fired to about the same degree of hardness. Their ornamentation, like the other vessels of the period, consists of diagonal or herring-bone patterns produced by twisted thongs or incisions; and other impressed ornaments. Their general form will be seen in Figs. 121 and 122.

The Immolation Urns (as I have ventured to call them, but which were formerly usually known as "incense cups") are diminutive vessels, varying very much in form from the plain "salt-cellar " shape to the more elaborately rimmed vase, and are from an inch and a half to three inches in height. They are usually found in the mouths of the larger cinerary urns, or close by them, and contain in most instances the calcined bones of children. Their ornamentation is of the same general character as the other vessels. Small vessels with handles, which belong to this general class, are also occasionally found. Examples are given on Figs. 117 to 120.

Roman pottery, as found in this country, may be said to consist principally of Samian or red lustrous ware; Durobrivian or Castor ware; the pottery of the Upchurch Marshes; and Shropshire, Yorkshire, and Hampshire wares; but as potworks existed in various localities all over the country, many other kinds and varieties are known.

The Samian or red lustrous ware does not appear