Mott, Mr. Albert, on antiquity of in- | Nests of birds, classification of, accord- Mound-builders, a semi-civilised race, Mounds of N. America, antiquity of, Müller, Dr. Hermann, on fertilisation on fertilisation of Martagon lily, ing to function, 122 of humming-birds, 322 New forms, how produced by variation Newton, Professor, on appearance of Nocturnal animals, colours of, 38 NAPEOGENES, all the species are Odontocheila, 69 mimickers, 61 Natchez man, antiquity of, 438 Natural History before Darwin, 451 Odontomachus, genus of ants, 280 Odours absorbed unequally by dif- general acceptance of the theory Ecodoma cephalotes, 282 of, 35 tabular demonstration of, 166 its effects on man and animals Ecophylla smaragdina, 279 Ogle, Dr. on colour and sense-percep- | Oil from palms, 252 Oncidiums, 257 hardly acts among civilised Onthophilus sulcatus, like a seed, 42 societies, 185 what it can not do, 187 Onychocerus scorpio, resembles bark, cannot produce injurious or use- Optical theory of colour, 354 less modifications, 187 Nectarineidæ, 134 of young birds, how built, 104 influenced by changed conditions Orange-tip butterfly, protective colour- Orchis, structure of an, explained by Orgyia antiqua and O. gonostigma, Ornamental humming-birds, the most Ornaments, display of, by male hum- Oxyrhopus petolarius, O. trigeminus, Philippine islands, white-marked birds O. formosus, 72 Owen, Professor, on more generalised PACHYOTRIS fabricii, 69 of, 388 Phoenix sylvestris, 251 Phyllium, wonderful protective colour Phyllostoma, 308 Pachyrhynchi, weevils mimicked by Physalia, 136 Longicorns, 67 Pæciloderma terminale, 66 Palæolithic implements in North America, 441 Paleotherium, 165 Picariæ, 296 Picidæ, sexual colouring and nidifica- Pieride and Lycænidæ, local resem- Palm-trees, uses and products of, 250- Pieris, females only imitating Heli- 253 wine, 250 Palms, 248 height of, 248 climbing, 249 Paloplotherium, 164 Papilio, black and red group imitated, pale varieties of, in Moluccas Papilio nireus, changes of colour of Papilionida and Nymphalidæ, local Plantain-eaters, 298 Plants, protective coloration in, 396 Paridæ, sexual colouring and nidifica- Platycerium, 253 Parrots, 293 Pliocerus equalis, P. elapoides, P. of humming-birds, 315 red in Moluccas and New Guinea, Plumage of tropical birds, 300 gascar, 389 Passenger pigeon, cause of its great Patent inventions, as illustrating Pengelly, Mr., on glacial man, 442 Phalaropus fulicarius, 81, 132 Phasmidæ, imitate sticks and twigs, 46 females resembling leaves, 79 Polygonum bistorta, P. aviculare, 404 Population of species, law of, 23 does not permanently increase, 24 checks to, 24 difference in the case of cats and rabbits explained, 26 Pheasants, brilliant plumage of, in cold Portraits on sculptured pipes from Philippine islands, metallic colours of Primrose and cowslip, Darwin's dis- Prosthemadera in the Auckland isles, | SALVIN, Mr. Osbert, on a case of bird Protection, various modes in which Protective colouring, theory of, 47 Psittacula diopthalma, sexual differ- Pterosauria, 164 Pterylography, 332 Ptychoderes, 67 Pyramid, the great, 430 mimicry, 75 on the pugnacity of humming- Saturnia pavonia minor, protective Savages, why they become extinct, undeveloped intellect of, 190, 192 protect their backs from rain, 196 S. cotyledon, S. oppositifolia, 404 the great, indicates an earlier Scansorial birds, nests of, 123 Rainbow, how described by ancient Scudder, Mr., on fossil insects, 165 writers, 413 Rainfall at London and Batavia, dia- gram of, 228 Scutelleridæ, mimicked by Longicorns, Scythrops, 297 greatest recorded at Batavia, 235 Seedling plants, Darwin's observa- Rattan-palms, 249 Recognition, use of diversity of Redbreast and wood-pigeon, protective Redstart, imitating notes of chaffinch Reeks, Mr. Henry, on change of nest- of trogons, butterflies, etc., 10 Rhinoceros, ancestral types of, 165 River system, as illustrating self- tions on, 467 Seeds, how protected, 399 vitality of, in salt water deter- theory of, 364 Sexual selection, its normal action to not a cause of colour, 369 Shell-mounds, ancient, in Maine, 435 ancient, on Lower Mississippi, 436 Shell-mounds, ancient, in the Aleutian | Spruce, Dr., on number of ferns at islands, 437 Shufeldt, Dr., on affinity of goat- suckers and owls, 123 (note) Tarapoto, 253 on inconspicuousness of tropical Stainton, Mr., on moths rejected by Stalachtis, a genus of Erycinidæ, the Sitta, sexual colouring and nidification St. Helena, 9 Sittella, sexual colouring and nidifica- Size, correspondence of in tropical Stick-insects, 287 Stinging insects generally conspicu- St. John, Mr., on large python, 305 Sky, colour of not mentioned in oldest Streptolabis hispoides, 66 Smith, Mr. Worthington, on mimicry Smyth, Professor Piazzi, on the Great Snakes, mimicry among, 72 characteristics of tropical, 304 Sobralias, 256 Soil, heat of, 222 influence of temperature on cli- Solenopsis, genus of ants, 281 Sorby, Mr., on composition of chloro- Spalding, on instinctive actions of Species, law of population of, 23 abundance or rarity of, dependent diversity of opinions as to, 454 Sphecomorpha chalybea, 68 Spices from equatorial forest - trees, Spiders, which mimic ants and flower remarkable tropical, 291 Spilosoma menthastri, 63 Structure of humming-birds, 313 Sturnidæ, sexual colouring and nidifi- Sugar from palm-trees, 250 Sun's noonday altitude in Java and Sun's rays, heating effect of, 221 26 TACHORNIS phænicobea, 116 Tanagridæ, sexual colouring and nidi- Tapir, ancestral types of, 165 Spruce, Dr. Richard, on habits of Telephori, similar colouring of two Indians of Peru, 107 sexes, 80 Temperate and cold climates favour-, Tropidorhynchus mimicked by orioles, Timor and Flores, white-marked birds VAMPIRE-BATS, 308 Timor and Scotland, climates com- Variation, how influenced, 326 pared, 227 Tools, importance of, to man, 174 Tree-frogs, probable mimicry by, 73 abundance of, in the tropics, 305 Trochilidæ, 313 Trochilium tipuliforme, 64 Trogonidæ, sexual colouring and nidi- Trogons, 297 Tropical birds often green, 38 Tropical vegetation, concluding re- studied by Darwin, 457, 460, 462 universality of, 156, 159 Varieties, instability of, supposed to if superior will extirpate original its reversion then impossible, 29 probable causes of its luxuriance Vertebrata, mimicry among, 70 and variety, 268 Mr. Belt on, 268 birds, coloration of, 300 dull-coloured, 301 Tropics, most favourable to production Vipers, green, 304 Vitality a cause of bright colour, 365 Volucella, species of mimic bees, 54, WARNING COLOURS, theory of, 361 not favourable to growth of Wasps and bees, 286 civilisation, 177 limitation of, 218 aspects of animal life in, 309 Wave-lengths of coloured rays, 355 |