VII. CATACHRESIS, Κατάχρησις, an Abufe, from nalazedouan, abutor. EXAMPLES. Thus when an Improper Term is boldly us'd for a Proper; as, Vir Gregis ipfe Caper deerraverat, i. e. Dux Gregis Virg. Inftar montis equum divinâ Palladis arte Edificant; Virg. Equitare in Arundine longo, Hor. Uxores olentis Mariti, i. e. Capræ; Hor. Capitis Nives, i. e. cani Capilli; Hor. A Glafs Inkhorn. A Wooden Tombstone. Promifi Ultorem, i. e. minatus fum; Virg. Æn. 1, Breve Lilium, i. e. non diuturnum, Hor. See Rev. i. 12. Hofea iv. 8. Deut. xxxii. 14. Pfalm cxxxvii. 5. Jer. xlvi. 10. Lev. xxvi. 30. Exod. xxiii. 19. &c. Si in Catachrefi quid durius finxeris, præmunies dicendo, Ut ita dicam, Si licet dicere, Quodammodo, Permitte mibi fic dicere, &c. I'll beg leave to conclude my Explication of thefe Tropes in the Words of the elegant and very judicious Mr. BLACKWALL. "By this fhort Account 'tis plain, that there is a general Analogy and Relation between all Tropes, and that in all of them a Man ufes a foreign or ftrange Word instead of a proper one; and therefore lays one thing, and means fomething different. When he says one thing and means another almost the fame, 'tis a Synecdoche: When he fays one thing and means another mutually depending, 'tis a Metonymy: When he fays one thing and means another oppofite or contrary, 'tis an Irony: When he says one thing and means another like to it, it is a Metaphor: A Metaphor continued and often repeated becomes an Allegory: A Metaphor carried to a great Degree of Boldness is an Hyperbole; and when at first Sound it feems a little harfh and fhocking, and may be imagin'd to carry fome Impropriety in it, 'tis a. Catachrefis," Introd. to Claff. p. 181. N. RHETORICIANS fometimes, but fomewhat improperly, enumerate the Seven following as Tropes or Affections of Tropes, viz. 1. ONOMATOPOEIA, a Coining a Word from the Sound, from ovoua, nomen, & moira, facio; as, Balare, grunnire, boare, binnire, Hurliburly, lumbering, rattling, bluftering. Bombalio, clangor, ftridor, taratantara, murmur. 2. ANTIPHRASIS, a Speaking-contrary, from avri, contra, & gelw, loquor; thus, War is called Bellum, quòd minimè fit bellum, the Fates Parce, quia nemini parcunt; a Grove Lucus, quòd minimè luceat. 3. LITOTES, a Leffening, from arròs, tenuis, whereby a flight Denial makes a strong Affirmation; as, Non laudo, that is, reprehendo; Ter. Andr. Nec munera curat Alexis, that is, maxime fpernit, Virg. Ecl. 2. Munera nec fperno, that is, lubens accipio, En. 7. Eft qui nec veteris pocula Maffici fpernit, that is, magnoperè amat; Hor. See 1 Cor. x. 5. Pfalm li. 17. Pfalm ix. 12. Job xxxi. 17. &c. 4. ACCISMUS, a Feign'd Refufal, from anxioua, fimulatè recufo; as, No, I thank you. See Gen, 5. HYPALLAGE, a Changing the Order of Words, from rò, fub, & analw, muto; as, In nova fert animus mutatas dicere Formas Corpora, for, Corpora mutata in novas Formas; Ovid. Necdum illis Labra admovi, for, illa Labris; Virg. Ecl. 3. Dare claffibus Auftros, for, Claffes Auftris, Virg. Æn. 3. 6. EUPHEMISMUS, a Putting a Glofs on a Thing, from z, bene, & onuì, dico; call'd alfo CHROMA, a Colouring; as, Surely he covereth his Feet, i. e. Certè purgat Alvum; Judg. iii. 24. Ibo quò faturi folent, i. e. ad exonerandam Alvum feu Vefcicam. So exceffit or deceffit for obiit. Itane Chryfis? hem! Nos quidem pol miferas perdidit; Ter. Andr. See Job. xxiii. 14. and 2 Tim. iv. 14. 7. A NTHROPOPATHIA, Humane Parts and Paffions xix. 2. fions from Refemblance afcrib'd to God, from avbe, Homo, & ab, Paffio; as, The Eyes of the Lord are upon the Righteous, and his Ears are open unto their Cry; Pfalm xxxiv. 15. See Pfalm cxvi. 15. Pfalm xi. 4. Pfalm xvii. 8. &c. O. That the young Student mayn't make use of Tropes but where they'll come in feafonably, and with Advantage, he is to obferve that The FAULTS OF TROPES are Nine I OfTROPES Perplext, Harfh,Fréquent, Swoln, Fetch'd-far, 3 9 Ill-representing, Forc'd, Low, Lewd, beware. SECT. II. Of the CHIEF and most moving FIGURES of Speech. P. A FIGURE, from fingo, to fashion, is the Fashioning and Drefs of Speech; or, an Emphatical Manner of Speaking, different from the Way that is ordinary and natural: expreffing either a Paffion, or containing a Beauty. Q. THE PRINCIPAL and most moving Blackw. p. 2223 227 228' 231 254 XVIII. HYPOTYPOSIS paints Things to the Life.238,245, XIX. PROSOPOPOEIA feigns a Perfon fpeaks. 247 XX. EPIPHONEMA Annotations makes. 264, 267 THE MEANING and DERIVATION of the Names or Terms, with Examples. 1. ECP CPHONESIS, 'Exqárnois, an Exclamation, from inqwvew, exclamo. EXAMPLES. O Clensentiam admirabilem! Cic. pro Marc. O Scelus! O Peftis! O Labes! Cic. in Pif. O Co lum! lum! O Terra! O Maria Neptuni! Ter. Adelph. O Populares! Ecquis me hodie fortunatior? Ter. Eun. O utinam tunc, cum Lacedæmona claffe petebat, Obrutus infanis effet adulter aquis! Ovid. Ep. 1. Dî tibi-Præmia digna ferant ; Virg. Æn. 1. O miferum me! confumptis enim Lachrymis, infixus tamen Pectori hæret Dolor; Cic. Phil. My God! My God! why haft thou forfaken me? Matth. xxvii. 46. See alfo Pfalm lxxxiv. 1. — N. This Figure is also call'd ANAPHONEMA, from ἀναφωνέω, exlamo. When Admiration is exprefs'd, 'tis call'd THAUMASMUS, from JavμáZw, admiror; as, O curas hominum! Quantum eft in rebus inane! Perf, When any Good is wish'd or pray'd for, 'tis call'd EUCHE or VOTUM, from suxoua, precor; as, O utinam poffem populos reparare paternis Artibus! Ovid. When a Curfe is exprefs'd, or an Evil wifh'd, 'tis call'd APEUCHE, from arò, & cxn, votum, or ARA or EXECRATIO, from dedoua, imprecor, or MISOS, from pire, odium; as, Dii ifti Segulio male faciant! Cic. Dii illum Deæque fenium perdant, meque adeò-Ter. When Intreaty is made ufe of, 'tis call'd DEESIS or OBSECRATIO, from S'équal, precor; as, Quod ego per hanc te dextram oro; Ter. When any bad Prefage is wifh'd to be averted, 'tis call'd ABOMINATIO; as, Quod Dii omen avertant! Quod ego abominor! Procul omen abefto! Procul bac avertant Fata! Quod Dii probibeant! Di meliora piis! Dî talem à terris avertite Peftem; Virg-See Rom. xi. 23. Acts xiii. 10. Jer. xliv. 4. Rom. vii. 24. Ifai. Ixiv. 1. Pfalm lv. 6. Luke xiii. 34. Gal. iii. 1. Mark xv. 29. 1 Cor. xv. 25. 1 Tim. vi. H. II. APORIA,'Aroela, aDoubting, from ropa, perplexus fum; AS, Quò me mifer conferam? quò vertam? in Capitoliumne? at Fratris fanguine redundat: an Domum? Matremne ut miferam, lamen |