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in the List of Young Men Recommended from the College. Those are high rewards, and I had much pleasure myself in the share it belonged to me to take as Governor of this Establishment in procuring them for you."

He also refers to the ensign's name having been mentioned in the House of Commons. Obtaining his company in 1826, and passing the Senior Department 1826-27, Capt. Adams continued to serve in the 10th Regiment until 1840. What were its movements during this period; and where can I find accounts of its services in Ireland "putting down the stills," and at Manchester, &c., during the Chartist troubles in 1839? He was captain and brevet-major in the 36th Regiment, 1840-43. Where was it stationed? I am trying to trace a portrait of his in uniform, which he gave away." He was appointed to Sandhurst on July 1, 1843. I shall be glad of reminiscences or anecdotes of him which any officers can furnish. BEAULIEU.

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YEARS OF TIBERIUS.-De Saulcy suggests that Tiberius commenced the second year of his reign with Jauuary 1, A.D. 15, some four months after his accession to the throne. See 'Numismatique de la Terre Sainte,' p. 73. Has this suggestion been verified or disproved! A. B.

"TUMBLER."-Has the origin of this word as applied to the ordinary drinking-glass ever been inquired into? I have in my possession an old diary kept by a great-uncle of mine in the year 1803, in which occurs the following entry: "Had a few friends to dine, tried my new tumbling glasses; very successful, all got drunk early." I have an indistinct recollection of my parents being in possession of one of these "tumbling glasses," a glass with a bottom somewhat similar to that of a soda-water bottle, so that one had constantly to keep hold of it when in use. Is it not probable that this was the reason of such glasses being styled tumblers?

CLIFFORD DUNN.

any prove that there was any Joe Collins; any
memoirs by him; or any reason, granting the
memoirs, for believing in their authenticity?
A. LANG.

"ALTAR."—In a review of the 'Parish Registers of St. Chad' (8th S. ii. 539) your reviewer says that from the time of Queen Elizabeth to the beginning of the Tractarian movement the term "altar was not applied to the communion tables in parish churches. Has he seen any of the tracts on this subject ?—such as :

"The Altar Dispute: a Discourse Concerning the several innovations of the Altar. Wherein is discussed severall of the chiefe grounds or foundations whereon our Altar Champions have erected these Buildings, by H. P. [Henry Parker], 1641.” W. F.

ORIGIN AND EXPLANATION OF PHRASE SOUGHT.
-I have often heard it said

A man convinced against his will
Is of the same opinion still.

Can any one explain how this saying passed into
currency? It is no doubt a corruption of the lines
in Hudibras,'-

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He that complies against his will Is of the same opinion still, words which have the merit of sense, a thing which the corrupt form of them does not so far as I can see-possess. How can a man convinced" (persuaded by evidence of the truth of a thing), though "convinced against his will," still hold the contrary opinion; in other words, How can he be "convinced" and "unconvinced" at the same time? C. W. CASS.

CHANDLER FAMILIES.-Will any reader of 'N. & Q.' kindly give me any genealogical information respecting the families of the surname of Chandler in Surrey and Kent? In 1648 George Chandler was Lord of the Manor of Bramley, in Surrey. A descendant of his, of the same name, married Mary, niece of Richard Smythe, of Bur"THE GOOD DEVIL OF WOODSTOCK.'-Perhaps gate, who died in 1838. The following is from some reader of 'N. & Q.' can tell me whether the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. v. p. 737: "DeThe Genuine History of the Good Devil of Wood-cember 16, 1735, Died Mr. Chandler, formerly stock,' by Joe Collins, called "Funny Joe," is known to exist anywhere in print or manuscript. It is clear that Sir Walter Scott knew very little about it. In his introduction to Woodstock,' written for the edition of 1832, he simply quotes a writer in Hone's 'Every Day Book,' who again quotes an anonymous writer in the British Magazine for 1747. This second writer says that Joe Collins's memoirs and confession of the imposture at Woodstock in 1709 "have fallen into his hands." Scott could find no such pamphlet. The story of Joe Collins is that he was secretary to the Tormented Commission, under the name of Sharpe. Now, the secretary's name was Browne, according so 'The Just Devil of Woodstock' (1660). Can

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Mayor of Maidstone, Kent, suddenly. He left his estate to Chandler [no Christian name is given], son to the Bishop of Durham." Is there any connexion between the Surrey and Kent Chandlers and the bishop's family?

JOHN CHANDLER,

17, Stonor Road, West Kensington.

BROWNE, OF THE NEALE, Co. MAYO.-Can you or any of your readers give me information of the whereabouts of an inquisition document of the lands of Josias (or Josiah) Browne, of the Neale (son and heir of John Browne, of the Neale, by Alys Cardyffe, his wife) taken at the town of Cloncashall, co. Mayo, by the Sheriff of Mayo,

March 14, 1591? Mention is made of this document in a later inquisition of the lands of Josias Browne, dated April 21, 1612. This document is in the Record Office, Dublin, but the earlier one is not in that office. I am anxious to see this earlier document for the pedigree of Browne of the Neale, to ascertain, if possible, the connexion of that family in England. The above John Browne was the first of that family to settle in Ireland, and was High Sheriff of Mayo in 1583, and was massacred, with twenty-five of his retainers, by the Burks, of Mayo, in 1589. From this John Browne descends the great Connaught family of Browne of the Neale, now represented by Lord Kilmaine and the Marquis of Sligo. J. CAVENDISH BROWNE.

Bredon, Tewkesbury.

URIAN. This was used as a Christian name in the fourteenth century and much earlier by the ancient Cheshire families of Brereton and Davenport. Whence is it derived, and what is its meaning? In Gray's 'Bard' the line occurs :—

Brave Urien sleeps upon his craggy bed.

In the graveyard of the little chapel of Marton, in Cheshire, are the rude stone effigies of Sir John Davenport and Sir Urian Davenport, his son, supposed to have been moved from the interior of the chapel. William Brereton, who was beheaded in 1536 on a charge of adultery with Queen Anne Boleyn, had a brother named Urian, and the queen's favourite dog, an Italian greyhound, was named Urian. Paul Friedmann, in his 'Anne Boleyn,' calls the name Bryerton, which is misleading. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

RELICS OF OUR LORD AND ROD OF MOSES.There is preserved in the Chetham Library, Manchester, a holograph letter from Lawrence Vaux, the ejected Warden of Manchester Collegiate Church, asking for admission among the Canons Regular at Louvain, in 1572. At the foot of the MS. there is scribbled in another contemporary hand the following words:

"O vesania' Anglicam, que ho'inem [?] seduxit et abduxit, atque utina' no' cu' da'no et iactura n'ra, qui sacrilegio abstulit sanctas reliquias Capilloru' dn'i, et parte' ex virga Moysis ad longitudine' digiti humani in argento conclusas pulchri, etc."

Is there any record of the above-mentioned relics -hairs of our Lord, or a piece of the rod of Moseshaving been in possession of the church at Manchester, or of any other church in England? Vaux carried away with him to Louvain a quantity of Church plate and vestments, a list of which is given in his will (dated May 4, 1573), printed with other documents in the introduction to the edition of his 'Catechism,' published in 1885 by the Chetham Society. It is suggested that Vaux may have complained to his brethren of his inability to save the relics in question, and hence this curious

note. I should add that there is no doubt about the reading of any of the words here printed except, perhaps, the fifth word, which begins with h and ends with m, but can scarcely be Henricum. T. G. L.

MACCABEES.-There are four books of Maccabees.

The first two only of these are regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as a part of Holy Scripture. They are to be found in the Vulgate, Bibles which contain the books called Apocrypha; the Douay version, and all Protestant English but where is there to be seen an English translation of the third and fourth books? That such a thing exists I am pretty sure; but a search in catalogues gives me no information, because I do not know the name of the translator. ANON.

Replies.

SHAKSPEARE AND MOLIÈRE.

(8th S. ii. 42, 190, 294, 332, 389, 469; iii. 9, 70.)

MR. W. A. HENDERSON's interesting and wellwritten remarks open new ground upon which I am glad to enter in defence of my propositions on the Shakspere side.

2. The early education of both was neglected. Molière, a lad of genius, was destined to be apprenticed to his father's trade of upholsterer, and his education had been such as not to interfere with that arrangement-that is, between the ages of fourteen and fifteen he could read and write. Shakspere, in like manner, was destined to be ape prenticed to his father's trade or trades. According to Rowe,

"his father had bred him for some time at a free school,

where it is probable he acquired what Latin he was master of; but the narrowness of his circumstances, and the want of his assistance at home, forced his father to withdraw him from thence, and unhappily prevented controversy that in his works we scarce find any traces of his further proficiency in that language. It is without anything that looks like an imitation of the ancients." This testimony, coupled with Ben Jonson's competent opinion, seems to me to settle the point in dispute.

3. Neither of them was happily married. When a lad of a little over eighteen marries a woman of twenty-six, and leaves her, "not very long after the marriage," to seek his fortune in London, may we not infer from that fact that the marriage was not altogether what would be called a happy one? There is a tradition that Anne Hathaway, though handsome, was somewhat cold by nature. When I was a boy I read some lines on the subject, and now repeat them, after the lapse of three-quarters of a century. If not correctly reported here, perhaps some reader of N. & Q. can set me right:

Anne hath-a-way to win a heart,
Anne hath no way to keep it;
Anne hath-a-way to make it smart,
Anne hath no way to weep it.

John.' 17, 18, 19. 'Henry VI.,' Parts i. ii. iii. 20. Henry VIII.' 21. 'Othello.'

So also in the case of Molière. Nine years after his death, when his dramas were collected into a single volume, seven of them were printed for the

first time.

The

did not express the author's real sense of his position. Moreover, our idea of Shakspere's dislike to acting is strengthened by the tradition that he did not excel as an actor, since, being lame, he could take only old men's parts. The allusions to his lameness in Sonnets 37 and 80 seem to me to be as real as his protest against his profession as an

6. Each was careless about publishing his works, or even objected to do so. I certainly do not require to be told, either by MR. HENDERSON or by the two authorities that he quotes, that 10. Each disliked his profession. MR. HENShakspere concentrated his lofty genius and the DERSON makes me say that each disliked his proillimitable patience that accompanied it on the fession as a dramatist. I hope he will excuse the production of his dramas. A doubt on this sub- remark that he mistook my meaning. I said that each disliked his profession as an actor. ject never entered my mind. What I said was, that both Shakspere and Molière were careless actor was even less esteemed in Shakspere's time about having their works printed. I have already than in Molière's, if that were possible. I have given Molière's utterances on this subject. His given Molière's ideas on the subject, and have also plays were composed in order to be acted, not to be quoted the pathetic utterance of Shakspere in his read. Shakspere seems to have been influenced 111th Sonnet. MR. HENDERSON, however, still by a similar idea, or he would have been careful holding to the idea of dramatist instead of actor, that the single plays that were printed in his time follows Charles Knight in supposing that the were at least correct-if, indeed, he cared to trouble sonnet referred to was written in a moment of himself at all about the matter. Some, if not despondency. No ground is apparent to me for many of these prints and reprints were probably such a supposition, nor any reason why the lines piracies. They contain not only typographical blunders, but are often textually corrupt. Some of the plays in these prints are not divided into acts, or if into acts not into scenes. But a strong proof of the great dramatist's indifference as to the printing of his plays lies in the fact that he made no attempt to collect his works; they were written for the stage, and had served their purpose there, had brought him profit, and that was enough. Even after his final retirement to his native home, he produced for the players four of his noblest creations, written, as it were, on commission, the performance of which he never intended to witness. But the crowning proof of his indifference to the printing of his dramas lies in the fact that seven years after his death, when his plays were collected into the folio of 1623, out of thirty-six here published, only fifteen had been printed in the author's lifetime. So uncertain were the editors as to the text of many passages, that they lament that the author himself did not live "to have set forth and overseen his own writings." There are not only innumerable difficulties in the text, as commentators know to this day, but the very dates at which many of the plays were written or produced cannot now be accurately fixed.

The following is a list of the dramas that were printed for the first time in the edition of 1623; and it seems to me to confirm the conclusion that the author was indifferent to, or even objected to, the printing of his works :

1. The Two Gentlemen of Verona.' 2. The Comedy of Errors.' 3. 'The Taming of the Shrew.' 4. All's Well that Ends Well." " 5. 'Twelfth Night.' 6. As You Like It.' 7. 'Measure for Measure.' 8.'A Winter's Tale.' 9. 'The Tempest.' 10. 'Cymbeline.' 11. Timon of Athens.' 12. Macbeth.' 13. 'Coriolanus.' 14. Julius Cæsar.' 15. 'Antony and Cleopatra.' 16. 'King

actor.

13. MR. HENDERSON again misrepresents me (of course unintentionally) when he exclaims, "I was simply amazed when I learned that Shakspere was classed with those who disregarded manner." My words were that Shakspere and Molière "preferred the idea, or matter, to the comparative disregard of the manner," which is a very different statement of opinion. But in order to justify it, many details are required, which I must defer until the time when the Editor of N. & Q.' can afford me sufficient space. C. TOMLINSON. Highgate, N.

I do not understand how Shakspeare shows correct classical learning. In 'Troilus and Cressida he exhibits an absolute ignorance of Homer, whether in the original or in a translation. His portrait of Achilles is evidently done by a man who knew nothing of the 'Iliad.' He knew nothing of the Greek chiefs except their names. He makes Troilus survive Hector; but so does Chaucer, and it is clear that he got much of the material for his play from Chaucer's poem. But he makes Hector quote Aristotle, and does other strange things. His account of the way in which Dido parted from Eneas in 'The Merchant of Venice' is quite different from that of Virgil. In 'Midsummer Night's Dream' there are fairies and convents at Athens in the time of Theseus, who himself refers to the fate of Dido, a lady who lived after him. In Venus and Adonis,' Venus says that she will "like a fairy trip upon the green.'

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Avant qu'un peu de terre, obtenu par prière
Pour jamais sous la tombe eût enfermé Molière,
Mille de ces beaux traits, aujourd'hui si vantés,
Furent des sots esprits à nos yeux rebutés.

Epitre vii. In a note to the above, M. Geruzez, one of Boileau's editors, remarks:

"Molière étant mort sous le coup de l'excommunication qui frappait les comédiens il fallut l'intervention du roi pour obtenir une place à son corps en terre sainte, et l'argent de sa veuve pour dissiper un attroupement d'idiots furieux qui s'apprêtaient à troubler son modeste

convoi."

Norwich.

JAMES HOOPER.

TENNYSON'S CAMBRIDGE CONTEMPORARIES (8th S. ii. 441; iii. 52).—The initials W. B. D., indicating William Bodham Donne, occur in the list of eminent contributors to vols. ii. and iii. of Dr. W. Smith's 'Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,' issued in 1845 and 1849. No academical degree is, however, appended to his name, or mention made of his belonging to any university. Allibone's 'Dictionary' has the following brief notice of him: "Donne, William Bodham: 1. Essays on the Drama,' Lon., 1857, post 8vo.; 2. 'School History of Rome,' 1857." JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

ITALIAN IDIOM (8th S. ii. 445, 498; iii. 37).MR. YOUNG says that I am mistaken with regard to the Italian use of voi when addressing royalty. I should not have ventured to criticize DR. CHANCE's note had I not been tolerably certain that my criticism was well founded; but, not to rely entirely on my own knowledge, which I admit to be superficial, I have communicated with an authority in Italy, who, from his position, is familiar with the Court usages, and whose evidence is unimpeachable. I transcribe the answer, bearing on the uses of lei and voi, which I think may prove interesting:—

"In addressing a person to whom you wish to show additional respect, lei is always used. In Tuscany lei is always used by a servant to his master, by a shop. keeper to his customer, by a gentleman to a lady; in fact, in that part of Italy voi is almost a dead letter. In Northern Italy (where either the local dialect or French is habitually spoken) voi predominates; so much

In

so that I have often met Piedmontese and Milanese who have apologized for using voi on the ground that they Southern Italy the vor is quite universal and the lei are unaccustomed to speak in the third person. practically unknown, except in formal correspondence, when mistakes, very similar to those made by English people who try to write in the third person, are often made. With regard to royal personages, the king is always addressed as Vostra Maestà, but volete is never used. Thus, Buon giorno, vostra Maestà!' is quite correct. But if you wish to add, 'I hope you will drive out this morning,' you must say, 'Spero che voule (not che voi volete) uscire in carrozza stamane.”

It will, therefore, appear that I was correct in stating that a king would never be addressed as voi, and that, as I expected, the speaker would naturally drop into the use of the third person. HOLCOMBE INGLEBY.

"FIVE ASTOUNding Events" (8th S. iii. 85).— Similar advertisements have appeared in the Standard, from November to April every year for some years past, certainly from 1888. They seem designed to call attention to lectures at Exeter Hall and elsewhere by the Rev. M. Baxter and others, and to publications issued at the office of the Christian Herald. The value of the predictions can easily be estimated. On April 11, be "the Artificer of the Ten Kingdomed Con1888, we were told that General Boulanger would federacy predicted in Daniel vii. 24," and a few days later that Britain would lose Ireland and India between 1888 and 1891.

W. C. B.

THE FOLLOWERS OF BRUCE (8th S. iii. 86).— Unless the index to the 'Ragman Roll' (Instrumenta Publica,' Bannatyne Club), is untrustworthy no authority is to be found therein for the list of names quoted from Dr. Taylor's volume. JAMES DALLAS.

BUSBY (8th S. ii. 468, 491; iii. 31).—I very much regret to learn, through KILLIGREW's interesting notes, that the use of this word in my

History of the 18th Hussars' has been the cause of a misstatement in the N. E. D.,' for I used the word in no way as a quotation, but as a modern term for "fur-cap." KILLIGREW is not quite right in giving 1811 as the year that the 18th received their permission to be clothed as Hussars, for this happened on Christmas Day, 1807; neither can he be correct as to the 10th, for this was the first ta be clothed as Hussars (see my note, p. 32).

These Hussars of the last century spoken of by KILLIGREW were foreigners. The clothing of regiments being until late years in the hands of the full colonels, it is almost an impossibility to determine as to the use and disuse of the fur-cap, but I have always been told that all Hussars but the 18th had at one time the fur-cap for dress and the shako for undress. As to the derivation of the word "busby," it would seem that, as it was not imported with the dress, it would be of British birth,

and that JAYDEE's notion of the Bond Street paternity seems likely enough.

HAROLD MALET, Colonel.

BOOKS WRITTEN IN PRISON (7th S. ix. 147, 256,

UNIVERSAL HISTORY' (4th S. xi. 504; 5th S. xii. 168, 410).-Twenty years ago, at the first of these references, MR. L. B. THOMAS asked for a more complete list of authors of this work than is

412; x. 96, 454; xi. 176, 457, 513).—The follow-given in Boswell's Johnson.' May I repeat his ing works are not included at any of the above question in regard to "the modern part "? I want specially to learn the author of vols. i. to iii. (1780 edition), which deal with the Arabs. C. S. WARD.

references:

Jenkinsius Redivivus; or, the Works of that grave, learned, truly-loyal, and courageous Judge Jenkins, whilst a prisoner in the Tower and Newgate, by command of the Rebellious-Long-Parliament, began at

Westminster, Nov. 3, 1640.-1681, 12mo., portrait.

Printed at the Black Bull.

Debtors' Prison.

The Cry of the Oppressed, being a True Account of the Sufferings of Imprisoned Debtors under the Tyranny of Gaolers. By Moses Pitt. Circa 1681. Written in a The Life and Adventures of Gilbert Langley, formerly of Serle Street, near Lincoln's Inn, Goldsmith, containing particularly his Family, Education, and Accidents in his Tender Years, his Amours with all sorts of Loose Women, his Marriage, and Fraudulent Acts to Support a Broken Fortune, his Voyage to the West Indies, &c. Written by himself in Maidstone Gaol, when under condemnation for a Robbery committed on the Highway. 1740, 8vo.

The Oppressed Captive, being an Historical Novel, deduced from the Distresses of Real Life, in an impartial and candid Account of the Unparalleled Sufferings of Caius Libius Nugenius, now under Confinement in the Fleet Prison, at the Suit of an Implacable and Relentless Parent. 1757, 12mo. Wrote and sold for the Sufferer in the Fleet Prison.

Prison Amusements, and other Trifles, principally written during Nine Months' Confinement in the Castle of York. By Paul Positive. 1797, small 8vo.

J. CUTHBERT WELCH, F.C.S.

The Brewery, Reading.

WILD HORSES (8th S. ii. 46, 113).—I am obliged to MR. J. CARRICK MOORE for his reply to my query. Thanks to Théophile Gautier, I am now enabled to reply to it myself. Before quoting Gautier's remarks, may I ask MR. MOORE if the mustangs of the Pampas are "wild" in the sense of being absolutely ownerless, as Lord Byron's magnificent Polish or Russian troop undoubtedly were? "A thousand horse, the wild, the free," the great poet describes them. In his Hungarian chapter in 'L'Orient,' ed. 1877, vol. i. p. 24, Gautier says, in language which almost recalls Byron's glorious description:

"Parfois un sourd ouragan gronde au loin; un tonnerre rhythmé bat le court gazon, c'est une horde de chevaux sauvages qui parcourent l'immensité, les crins au vent, emportés par quelque caprice ou quelque terreur." Further on (p. 47) Gautier, speaking of M. Valerio,

says:

"Aucun peintre ne s'était jusqu'à lui hasardé à travers ces plaines immenses où galopent des bandes de chevaux en liberté."

See Robert Browning's fine stanza beginning "Fancy the Pampas' sheen!" in 'A Lovers' Quarrel.' JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

Wootton Vicarage, Basingstoke.

series of Biographical Notices' relating to early THE CHIMES OF WARE (8th S. iii. 69).-In a Baptist missionaries and mission supporters, privately printed by J. Taylor & Son, Northampton, last year, one, No. 11, is devoted to the Timms family. Joseph Timms, of Kettering, was one of thirteen men who contributed to the first missionary collection (Oct. 2, 1792). He was by trade a wool stapler; he failed, but afterwards paid all his creditors in full. He was twice married. The notice already mentioned says:—

"When Joseph Timms was alive a popular rhyme was current in Kettering, and one of the tunes played by the church chimes was known as Timms's tune. Those who cared to could hear the bells say:Joe Timms, Joe Timms, Come lend me your limbs, And I'll lend you mine to-morrow; I love my life,

As I love my wife,

And I'll neither lend nor borrow."

It is possible this rhyme had reference to both Timms's failure and his second matrimonial venture. A. A.

Mr. Archibald Bannister, of 5, Union Terrace, Musley Hill, Ware, has courteously furnished me with some MS. notes which may throw light on the stanza "Lend me your wife to-day," &c. It is suggested that the lines may be found in 'The Contract,' a comedy written by Dr. Thomas Francklin, who was Vicar of Ware from 1759 to 1777, and well known in his day as a miscellaneous author by his translations of Sophocles and Lucian, and a frequent contributor to the press and stage. 'The Contract' was brought out at the Haymarket June 12, 1766, and, according to Genest, "was a pretty good comedy," but appears to have only lived for one night, and Dict. Nat. Biog.' says it was a failure, although it deserved a better fate. The 'Biog. Dram.' speaks of it as a poor performance, founded on Destouches's L'Amour Usé,' and as having been condemned, notwithstanding the presence of the king and royal family. Foote, so the story goes, when lighting the king to his chair, is reported to have said "it was the work of one of His Majesty's chaplains," but was dull enough to have been written by a bishop. The sketch of the plot leads naturally to an assumption that the lines in question may occur in this play; but there is no evidence of any one of the Ware

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