BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, &c., RECEIVED FOR REVIEW. Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Consumption. By Felix von Niemeyer, M.D., &c. Translated from the Second German Edition by C. Baumler. New Sydenham Society. 1870. pp. 71. The Climate of the South of France as suited to Invalids; with Notices of Mediterranean and other Winter Stations. By Chas. T. Williams, M. A., M.D., &c. Second Edition, with an Appendix on Alpine Summer Quarters, and on the Mountain Cure. London, Longmans. 1870. pp. 162. A System of Practical Surgery. By Sir William Fergusson, Bart., F.R.S., &c. Fifth Edition. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 751. Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests; Medical, Economical, and Agricultural being also a Medical Botany of the Southern States. By Francis Peyne Porter, M.D., &c. New Edition, revised and largely augmented. Charleston, Walker and Co. 1869. pp. 733. St. Andrew's Medical Graduates' Association Transactions, 1869. Edited by Leonard Sedgwick, M.D., Honorary Secretary. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 306. Transactions of the Clinical Society of London. Vol. III. London. 1870. pp. 254. A Manual of Minor Surgery and Bandaging, for the Use of House-Surgeons, Dressers, and Junior Practitioners. By Christopher Heath, F.R.C.S., &c. Fourth Edition. London, Churchill. 1870. pp.273. Medical Diagnosis, with Special Reference to Practical Medicine: a Guide to the Knowledge and Discrimination of Diseases. By J. M. Da Costa, M.D., &c. Illustrated with Engravings on Wood. Third Edition, revised. Philadelphia. 1870. London, Trübner and Co. pp. 844. A Manual of Medical Diagnosis; being an Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms of Disease. By A. W. Barclay, M.D., &c. Third Edition. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 669. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Warren Anatomical Museum, Harvard University. By J. B. S. Jackson, M.D., Curator. Boston. Williams and Co. 1870. pp. 759. Advanced Text-Book of Zoology, for the Use of Schools. By H. Alleyne Nicholson, M.D., &c. Blackwood. 1870. pp. 340. Auscultation and Percussion, together with the other Methods of Physical Examination of the Chest. By Samuel Gee, M.D., &c. London, Walton. 1870. pp. 299. The Satires of Horace. Translated into English Verse. By Andrew Wood, M.D., F.R.S.E., &c. Edinburgh, Nimmo. 1870. pp. 169. First Report of the Royal Sanitary Commission, with the Minutes of Evidence up to 5th August, 1869. pp. 449; and Appendix, pp. xxxv. Journal of the Scottish Meteorological Society for the Quarter ending March 31st, 1870. Edinburgh, Blackwood. On the Mortality of Childbed and Maternity Hospitals. By J. Matthews Duncan, M.D., &c. Edinburgh, Black. 1870. pp. 172. The Roman Climate; its Influence on Health and Disease. By G. Taufrig, M.D., Rome. London, W. Ridgway. 1870. The Manchester Medical and Surgical Reports, October, 1870. Editors, S. M. Bradley, F.R.C.S., and Walter Whitehead, F.R.C.S. Ed. Manchester, Cornish. pp. 301. Statistical Report of the Health of the Navy for the Year 1868. (Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 29th April, 1870.) pp. 394; and Appendix, pp. 52. A Report on the Microscopic Objects found in Cholera Evacuations, &c. By Timothy R. Lewis, M.B., &c., Calcutta. (Printed by order of Government.) 1870. With Plates. pp. 78. Sixth Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India, 1869. With Appendices and Returns of Sickness and Mortality. Calcutta. 1870. pp. 263. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. Published by the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. Vol. LIII. London, Longmans. 1870. pp. 305. A Handbook of Medical Microscopy. By Joseph G. Richardson, M.D., &c. Philadelphia. Lippincott and Co., 1871. pp. 333. An Introduction to the Osteology of the Mammalia. By W. H. Flower, F.R.S., &c. With numerous Illustrations. London, Macmillan. 1870. pp. 344. A Guide to the Physical Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Lungs and Heart; together with an Introduction to the Examination of the Urine. By James Sawyer, M.B., &c. London, R. Harkwicke. 1870. pp. 245. With Plates. St. Thomas's Hospital Reports. New Series. Edited by Drs. Bristowe, Stone, Ord, Bernays, and Mr. Le Gros Clark. Vol. I. London, Churchill, 1870. pp. 706. A Sketch of the Life and Writings of Robert Knox, the Anatomist. By Henry Lonsdale, London. London, Macmillan, 1870. pp. 420. On the Wasting Diseases of Infants and Children. By Eustace Smith, M.D., &c. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. London, Walton. 1870. pp. 309. The Life of John Heysham, M.D.; and Correspondence with Mr. Joshua Milne, relative to the Carlisle Bills of Mortality. Edited by Henry Lonsdale, M.D. London, Longmans. 1870. pp. 173. The Diseases of Children. By Fleetwood Churchill, M.D., and Fleetwood Churchill, jun. Third Edition. Dublin, Fannin and Co. 1870. pp. 900. On Phthisis and the Supposed Influence of Climate; being an Analysis of Statistics of Consumption in this part of Australia, with Remarks on the Causes of the Increase of that Disease in Melbourne. By William Thomson, L. R.C.S. Edin. Melbourne. 1870. pp, 160. The Signs of Drowning Medico-legally Considered. By James Forrest, M.D. Stirling, Duncan and Jamieson, 1870. PP. 74. The Treatment of Surgical Inflammations by a New Method which greatly Shortens their Duration. By Furneaux Jordan, F.R.C.S., &c. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 158. Report of the Sanitary Administration of the Punjab, 1869. Lahore. 1870. pp. 154. With Appendices. Administrative Report of the Jails of the Lower Provinces, Bengal Presidency, for the Year 1869. By E. J. Mouatt, M.D. Calcutta. 1870. pp. 137. With Appendices. A Manual of Diet for the Invalid and Dyspeptic, with a few Hints on Nursing. By Duncan Turner, L.R.C.P., &c. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 96. The Change of Life in Health and Disease: a Practical Treatise on the Nervous and other Affections incidental to Women at the Decline of Life. By Edward John Tilt, M.D. Third Edition. London, Churchill. 1870. pp. 296. Atlas of Ophthalmoscopy, representing the Normal and Pathological Conditions of the Fundus Oculi as seen with the Ophthalmoscope. Containing 59 Figures, drawn from Nature and accompanied by Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen auf dem Gebiete der Elektrotherapie. Von R. Brenner. Leipzig. 1870. Notizie sulla Difteria. Par Cavino Culia. Malta. 1870. pp. 233. Oppolzer's Vorlesungen über Specielle Pathologie und Therapie bearbeitet und herausgegeben. Von Dr. Emil Ritter von Stoffella. Erste Band, Vierte Lieferung. Erlangen, Enke. 1870. pp. 344. Henry Sewill's Irregularität und Krankheiten der Zahne Deutsch. Von Dr. August Kühner. Berlin. 1870. pp. 75. Sopra Alcuni Punti della Terapia delle Fratture. Del Dr. Vincenzo Neroni. Reggio. 1870. Un raro Caso di Demonomania subbiettiva, pel Dr. S. B. Miraglia. Napoli. 1870. Sulla procedura per riconoscere l'Alienazione Mentale. Del. Dr. G. B. Miraglia. 1870. Pamphlets. On Vertigo and Dizziness; its Causes, Importance as a Symptom,and Treatment. Thesis for the degree of M.D. By J. B. Bradbury, M.D. Prostitution in Paris. Dr. Chapman's Replies to M. le Fort and Mr. Berkeley Hill on certain passages in the Articles on Prostitution in the Westminster Review.' 1870. The Value of Quinine. J. Moore, Rajpootana. 'Indian Medical Gazette.') By Surgeon W. (Reprint from Method and Medicine. An Essay. By Balthazar W. Foster, M.D. 1870. Syphilis of the Nervous System. By E. L. Keyes, M.D. New York. 1870. Experiments on the Action of Red Bordeaux Wine on the Human Body. By E. A. Parkes, M.D., F.R.S.; and Count Wollowicz, M.D. Some Points in the Physiological and Medical Aspect of Sewage Irrigation; to which is added a Paper on the Influence of Sewer Gas on the Public Health. By 1870. Alfred Carpenter, M.D. Introductory Address, delivered at the Opening of the Session 1870-71, Queen's Hospital, Birmingham. By Alexander Fleming, M.D., &c. THE Editor is particularly desirous of having all Reports of Hospitals, Asylums, Sanitary Boards, Scientific Societies, &c., forwarded to him, as also Inaugural Lectures, Dissertations, or Theses, Medical and Scientific Addresses, &c. THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL REVIEW. APRIL, 1871. Analytical and Critical Reviews. I. Pathology of the Microscopic Arteries.1 "PATHOLOGY"-yes, but where does pathology begin and physiology end? The reader must be left to decide; and if to him the first pages of this article appear to smack too much of the teacher's chair, let him dream himself a pupil again, and thank us for an agreeable sensation. The walls of arteries may be considered practically to consist entirely of two anatomical elements, yellow elastic tissue and the unstriped muscular fibres employed in organic life. The functions of these elementary tissues are in a manner antagonistic to one another, wherever they appear, and the blood-vessels are no exception to the rule; for while the contraction of the contractile fibres must tend to alter their calibre, the elasticity of the elastic tissue keeps and restores the area to a constant form. It opposes an excessive dilatation when the muscles are not acting, and an excessive contraction when they act vigorously. In the act of dying the arteries are emptied, presumably because their muscles continue to energise longer than the heart has sufficient strength to drive the blood at that distance; but if in an animal recently slaughtered the blood-conduits are injected with a syringe, they remain in a state of distension, even after the injected substance is cleared out of them. The reason is, that their muscles have ceased to act. Again, when the nerves leading to the arterial walls are destroyed, the vessels dilate, 1 Recherches Experimentales sur la Circulation, &c. By MM. LE GROs et ONIMUS. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie,' 1868, 1869, 1870. On Cholera and Choleraic Diarrhoea: their Nature, Cause, and Treatment. Two Lectures delivered to the Church Missionary College, Islington, 1870. By GEORGE JOHNSON, M.D. Hypertrophy of the Minute Arteries in Cases of Chronic Bright's Disease. By GEORGE JOHNSON, M.D. Brit. Med. Journal,' April 16th, 1870. 94-XLVII. 19 for the elasticity of their yellow tissue is still intact while the muscular coat is paralysed. These powers of contraction, and of again resuming the middle state jointly regulate the distribution of the vital fluid. By their means there is served out to the capillaries in an even stream that which has been supplied by an intermittent force. They are to the heart as the fly-wheel is to the piston. The arteries are regulators of the circulation. But they are something more also; for, as well observed by John Hunter, in lower animals devoid of a heart, the blood nevertheless circulates; and even in the higher mammalia, Brodie's case of a heartless fœtus, which lived several days after birth,1 shows that they are not dependent for propulsive force on the central organ alone. A fly-wheel, indeed, continues to revolve after the piston is detached, having accumulated force previously; and the resilient elasticity of the arteries may act likewise, by storing up the heart's force. But the flywheel has no autonomy, and it would not have moved at all had there been no prevenient piston; while the example of the heartless foetus shows that the arteries have a propulsive force originating in themselves, over and above that which is stored up by their elasticity. The elastic and muscular tissues are very unequally distributed through the arterial system; the larger tubes are composed almost entirely of the former substance, while those next the capillaries have their middle coat made up of muscular fibres and nuclei encircling the canal; and the medium-sized have a mixed character. The microscopic contractile arteries would, therefore, seem to be an independent motive power in the economy, and worthy of a separate consideration, such as we are now allotting to them, apart from the organs to which they are distributed, and of which the special functions are affected by general arterial derangements. In more than one instance a diseased state, universal over the whole arterial system, has attracted attention, solely or mainly by its affection of one part; and it has received a title therefrom, tempting thus to faulty pathology and injurious therapeutics those who have the natural weakness of being led by a name. The danger would have been shunned had the general, rather than the local, ailment. been looked at. The natural classification, or the art of seeing likenesses in disease, conduces much more to the relief of pain than diagnosis, or the art of seeing differences. The contractility, under the influence of suitable irritation, of the coats of the arterioles, contended for by John Hunter, was afterwards experimentally demonstrated, from their behaviour Phil. Trans.,' 1809, p. 161. |
