NOVEMBER 11, 1859.] THE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. purposes. hardened and 315 It was eleven o'clock before the pleasant proceedings was held. Messrs. Keyte (of Woolwich), Briggs, Ballard, discussion which ended the meeting, and all dethe President, and others took part in the friendly parted with a high sense of gratification. WATCHMAKERS' ASSOCIATION, COVENTRY. of the principal watch manufacturers in the was of brass compound-as is all the brass portions action of the vertical screw in forcing the clay | lastly polished and case hardened. The trigger plate | of the furniture of the rifle-of a mixture of sixout laterally through the horizontal pipe. STEAM teen parts copper, ten of zinc, and one of lead. It The next paper was a “DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HIGH-PRESSURE OF was passed through several milling, drilling, and CONSTRUCTION BOILER," by MR. J. FREDERICK SPENCER, of London. This boiler, the invention of Mr. M. tapping processes, and edged by a machine which, Benson, of Cincinnatti, U. S., is of tubular construc-originally of American origin, had been much imtion, and is designed for the purpose of generating proved by Mr. Hague. Finally it was polished on steam of high-pressure without risk of accident to buff wheels and made ready for attachment. The any portion of the boiler, by producing an artificial guard plates, also of brass, had to pass through a were described by Mr. Hayes. The butt plate, of circulation of the water in the boiler, by mechanical number of machines prior to polishing, and these means; it is also intended to combine great lightness and compactness of construction. The boiler brass, thanks to the ingenious arrangements made consists of a series of horizontal tubes of small by Mr. Hague, who had been rewarded by the over the War Office for his pains, was finished off much more rapidly and perfectly than heretofore, the diameter, arranged in parallel rows furnace, and communicating at top and bottom The mechanical machines used being admirably adapted to their The ramrod, of steel, except the with a receiver placed outside. rammer end, which was of wrought iron, had circulation of the water is produced by means of a to be clamp-milled, screwed, pump worked by the engine, which draws the water from the receiver and drives it through a series of tubes, from the top of which it passes tempered, then ground, polished, tested, and back into the receiver in the form of mixed water gauged. The nose-cap, of brass, was now, owing to The Lecturer said he had accepted the invitaand steam. The boiler is divided into separate important improvements made by J. H. Burton, sections, each communicating independently at Esq., chief engineer at Enfield, finished with top and bottom with the receiver, and capable of great rapidity and consequent economy. The rodbent into a spoon shape, and afterwards milled, tion to deliver a lecture, in the hope of being able being readily removed for repairs; the series of spring, of steel, was forged by hand into a die, then tubes in each section are connected alternately at was punched out of a rod of iron, filed by band, the principle of timekeepers, but chiefly with rethe ends by semicircular bends, so that each section hardened, tempered, and polished. The rod-stop to submit a few observations referring to the on the vibratory motion of a balance presents a continuous passage for the water, which is driven through the tubes by the circulating and thus finished. The side-cups were punched gard to chronometers and pocket-watches, as pump at the rate of about ten times the quantity from sticks of cast-brass, then coned in dies, portable machines dependent for time-keeping upon the oscillatory motion of a pendulum, govevaporated. The power required to work the drilled, counter-sunk, milled to thickness, and effect pump is very small, having merely to overcome the polished. Next came the bands for fastening the governed by the elastic resistance of a balancefriction of the water in passing through the tubes; barrel to the stock, and in the mode of treating spring; while clocks, as fixed machines, depended siderable improvements, principally in the forg-erned by the principle of gravity. With reference and in first getting up steam the pump is worked these the chief engineer had recently devised conby hand for a short time, until there is steam The quantity of water con- ing, and which involved the use of Nasmyth's to the "spring" or "weight," as the usual motive steam drops, dies, &c. By these means great power applied to the machines alluded to, he exwas of itself a power, and hence the mainspring enough to work it. tained in the boiler is much smaller than in ordinary boilers, enabling the steam to be raised in a economy of labour and of money were effected. plained that neither one nor the other of these much shorter time; while the mechanical circula- These bands were as neat when completed as the tion ensures all the water being uniformly heated bracelets of a lady, and, as might be imagined, they throughout, and prevents any part of the tubes underwent much careful manipulation. The guard numerous minute operations, and lastly "blued." being burnt in consequence of deficiency of water. and band swivels were of wrought-iron, put through The risk of explosion of any part of the boiler is much diminished, the tubes being of great strength The screws, nuts, and pins for the whole of the in consequence of their small diameter, while the furniture, although not attracting much attention receiver is not exposed to the action of the fire. when in their places, were all prepared with such Several of these boilers have been at work for accuracy as to preclude the possibility of their some years in America, where they are in use turning loose in action, and were indeed most principally for steam fire engines; for this purpose carefully fitted. their rapidity in raising steam is of great value, and steam of 60 lbs. per square inch pressure has been raised in as short a time as six minutes from The tubes are found to be very duracold water. ble, and do not become choked with deposit, though the boilers have been worked for many months with water containing a large amount of deposit; the deposit is carried over continuously into the receiver, while the tubes are kept clear by the regular flow of water produced through them by the mechanical circulation. The meeting then terminated. ASSOCIATION OF FOREMEN ENGINEERS. On Saturday the 6th inst, the Association of Foremen Engineers held their ordinary monthly meeting at St. Swithin's Hall, City, Mr. Newton, President, occupying the chair, and Mr. John Jones, Soon after 8 p.m. the Secretary, the vice-chair. business of the evening was opened by the reading an ordinary, Mr. of the minutes of the previous meeting, the formal electing of Mr. Ebbery as Fowler as an honorary member, and the nomination of Mr. Hepburn, of the Small Arms Factory, Enfield, as a prospective ordinary member. There was a goodly assemblage of foremen present, and the President next called upon Mr. C. F. HAYES to continue his series of papers on THE MANUFACThat gentleman at once TUKE OF SMALL ARMS the invitation and proceeded to responded to describe in his usual terse and explicit manner, the various parts of the rifle musket which are known as its furniture." The trigger was first This was of wrought iron, roughly spoken of. forged in the first instance, then struck, at a proper heat, into a pair of dies, then put through a succession of milling, or drilling operations and The back-sight was a most important piece of furniture. By its means the rifleman regulated the range of his rifle, and made sure of his mark whether it was at 100 or 1,000 yards distance! The "bed" of this contrivance, which rested on the barrel of the weapon and closely fitted it, was of wrought-iron, forged firstly by hand, and secondly struck between top and bottom dies under Colt's screw drop hammer. About fourteen or fifteen distinct processes were wanting before the back-sight with its graduated guage, springs, and fitments was ready for application to the breech of the rifle; and lately a prize had been awarded to Mr. Williams, of the Enfield factory, for certain improvements in some of these processes. The slide, the leaf, the spring, and the cap form parts of the back-sight, and each requires careful workmanship. It is needless to say that the above is but an Some beautiful LUNAR PHOTOGRAPHS and as belonging to the class of timekeepers now ore, a power, but, on the contrary, a constant treated on might be considered as only a reservoir winding up the spring. Elasticity was not, thereof the force exerted by the hands in the act of when a spring was woundi' nto tension, its tensile principle of resistance, tending only to obstruct force would be given out in the way of re-action, motion, and to remain, like the inert matter of a weight, constantly in a condition of rest; but and whether it be a mainspring, a balance-spring. Having described detected the smallest error. to the great ruling principle of nature, in which the construction of the chronometer or pocketthe deepest philosophical scrunity had never watch, he proceeded to observe that escapements generally adopted in the manufacture of watches or the tremulation of a bell, all were alike obedient were of various constructions, but those most during the last half century were the horizontal, SO NOTICES. The MECHANICS' MAGAZINE will be sent free by post to Post Office Orders to be made payable to L. A. Brooman, at all subscribers of £1 1s. 8d., annually, payable in advance. the Post Office, Fleet Street, London, E.C. TO ADVERTISERS. All Advertisements occupying less than half-a-column are charged at the rate of 54. per line for any number of insertions less than 13; for 13 insertions, 4d. per line; and for 52 insertions, 3d. per line. Each line consists of 10 words, the first line counting as two. Wood-cuts are charged at the same rate as type for the space occupied. OUR APPEAL. Ix addition to the numerous sums announced in our last S. H. B., 5s; An Inventor, (Glasgow) 2s. 6d. The total was in its general aspect of simply a mechanical tion. heart-felt thanks and gratitude of the receiver. We need Our Weekly Gossip. GENTLEMEN,-The loss of the Royal Charter should direct the attention of shipbuilders, and others interested in the matter, to the improper method of constructing the bullion rooms on board ship. These receptacles are usually formed by lining some nook or corner with strong iron plates, bolted to and forming part of the ship, so that if the vessel gets on shore and up, the bullion room necessarily goes to pieces with it, and the contents are dispersed. I would suggest with or fixed to the ship. In case of a wreck and the that these safes should not be in any way connected breaking up of the vessel on shore, the safe would go to the bottom, preserve its contents intact, and be readily recovered. As a safe four feet square will hold more than 2,000,000 sterling, very little space would be interfered with. breaks The lecturer here proceeded to detail at considerable length the mode by which he had attained the object alluded to, and with the aid of diagrams clearly showed to his audience the state of simplicity to which he had reduced his principle. In conclusion, the Lecturer urged upon all watch manufacturers the desirability of rendering the construction of chronometers, pocket-watches, and other timekeepers as little complicated as possible, remarking that all the varied and improved modes of action described by him had been found to work well, and it was owing to their being based upon the simplest form of the principle that he gave them the preference. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. TUESDAY, Nov. 8.-The first meeting of the present session took place in the evening of this day previous to commencing the proceedings the president, Mr. J. Locke, M.P., offered a few obser vations as a tribute to the memory of Brunel and Stephenson-two of the Institution's "most honoured and distinguished members." MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. November 1st.-J. P. Joule, LL.D., F.R.S., Vice-president, in the chair. A paper was read by Mr. JAMES G. LYNDE, M. Inst. C.E., F G.S, on EXPERIMENTS ON THE STRENGTH OF CAST IRON GIRDERS. October 5th-MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SECTION. The following gentlemen were elected officers of the section for the present year :President, Robert Worthington, F.R.A.S., Vice presidents, J. W. Long, F.R.A.S., E. W. Binney, F.R.S., F.G.S., Treasurer, Joseph Baxendell, F.R.A.S., Secretary, Mr. Thos. Heelis. October 13th, 1859.-Mr. Baxendell read a paper ON THE PHENOMENA OF GROUPS OF SOLAR SPOTS. A paper was also read by Mr. Thomas Carrick, on the relation which appears to subsist between ORBIT DISTANCES AND ORBIT INCLINATIONS, when the latter are referred to the solar equator as a fundamental plane. J. CHUBB. I am, Gentlemen, your obedient servant, 6 not provided for lowering it safely and expeditiously into the water;' I say, however incredible it may seem, yet he will not find one ship in a hundred that knowing them to be deficient, ever attempts to enforce complies with these provisions, or any officer who, such distinct and positive rules, the wanton disregard of which his superiors knowingly wink at." A correspondent of the Times writes as follows:There are three great difficulties attendant on the use of the "rocket" in the case of shipwreck or vessels in distress-1. The uncertainty that necessarily attends its flight, especially in strong winds (times when it is inost generally needed). 2. The impossibility virtually of its always being on the spot where required. 3. The impracticability of its rapid use on such parts of a coast as are rocky, marshy, &c. Query.-Would not all these difficulties be removed and many other advantages gained by the vessel itself carrying the rocket apparatus-a precaution quite feasible, at all events to large vessels ? 1. The difference between the accuracy of its flight and that of the land rocket would hitting a centre of a circle from its circumference and be equivalent to the difference in the difficulty between the circumference from its circle. 2 and 3. Not only would it always be at hand and available, but it would be equally efficacious on the shores of a desert island as on the coasts of Kent; and, among many other advantages which suggest themselves, its fire flight in the air (at night) would indicate to coastguards, &c., the place where the rope was landed. This seems sa simple as well as important an expedient that I can hardly believe that there can be any novelty in the idea. As, however, I have never heard or read of this application of the rocket system, I beg to forward you the suggestion, should you think it worthy of a place your columns. in It is stated that the entire establishment composing the Royal Gun Factories in Woolwich Arsenal is about to be remodelled, an immediate cessation of casting guns of every description having been decided on, in order to give place to the introduction of Sir William Armstrong's method on the most extended possible scale. Sir William Armstrong and Mr. Anderson, conducting the rifled ordnance department at Woolwich, were on Saturday summoned to a lengthened conference with the Secretary of State for War, on the subject of transferring the whole of the Royal gun factories to that department which, it is expected, will be put into effect by official announcement without delay. The casting metal on hand, as well as the unfinished brass guns, are ordered to be handed over to the Laboratory to be appropriated to other uses. One of the experimental cast-iron ordnance, termed a shunting gun, rifled on Sir William's principle, has been tested at Shoeburyness, as we stated a week or two since, and burst under trial. This, together with other experiments entered into, has borne out the im pression inade on the minds of the Ordnance authorities, that cast ordnance are not of sufficient strength to resist the force exerted with the rifle bore, and that wrought iron alone is applicable for that purpose The casting furnaces recently erected will be employe in the manufacture of shells and other purposes; and the Artillery officers connected with the department will return to their military duties. The Times of yesterday adds the following inform tion on this subject.-"The first step in advance towards the long contemplated reorganization of the important establishment composing the gun factories in Woolwich Arsenal was yesterday taken by hand. ing over the direction of the department in due form from the military to the civil service, to be conductel in future under the auspices of Sir W. Armstrong, C.B., and the resident superintendence of Mr. Juan Anderson, late inspector of machinery. Greal preparations are made for manufacturing rifled ordnance on Sir William's principle, calculated, according to present arrangements, to bring out, at the lowest computation, 1,000 guns a year, with the prospect of a considerable addition to that number, in case of actual demand. A number of cast-iron guns will be made in the factories and by the trade for experimental use, to be encased in a kind of net-work, termed a chemise,' composed of wrought-iron, which it is suggested will add to the endurance of the inner metal of which the gun is cast, and render it sul ciently strong for the purpose. The new department has received instructions to bring out as speedily as pos sible a batch of 40 6-pounder rifled guns to carry the elongated shot for field service in China, to be transported overland. It is stated that, as a necessary consequence of the whole of the gun factories being employed for the manufacture of Sir William's guns, the shot and shell foundries will be ultimately handed over to the same direction, and that the superinten dence of the laboratory will merge into that of the gun factories, which will create a reduction of no insignificant importance in the general expenditure." Patents for Inventions. ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS THE abridged Specifications of Patents given below are BOILERS AND THEIR FURNACES, &c., 832, 866. 854, 860. CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY, None. LETTER PRESS PRINTING &c, None. MISCELLANEOUS, 827, 829, 831, 834, 853, 857, 861, 871, 872, 873, 875, 877. 826. A. BESSEMER. "Improvements in furnaces to be employed in the manufacture of iron and steel." Dated April 2, 1859. This consists in constructing furnaces for the manufacture of iron and steel with a portion of the bed thereof raised above the level of the remaining part of the bed, and in so mounting such furnaces that, by suitable machinery, the beds shall rock or perform an up and down motion, thereby causing the metal to be roused about and turned over. Patent abandoned. 827. S. DESborough. "Improvements in making up needles, steel pens, and other small articles for sale." Dated April 2, 1859. The inventor takes a piece of paper, tin, &c., of suitable form, and by means of dies or tools he forms or impresses on the surface of such material a number of grooves, channels, or corrugations according to the number of needles the package is intended to contain, and he afterwards folds over those parts which are not impressed, and secures them, leaving one end of such series of grooves open to introduce the needles, that end being afterwards covered by a loose flap folding over. He introduces into each case, when being made, a thin strip of magnetized iron or steel, which will attract needles and preveent them falling out of the grooves. Patent abandoned. 828. J. SKERTCALY. "Improvements in apparatus for regulating the pressure of gas." Dated April 2, 1859. This consists, 1, in the construction of oscillating valves for regulating the supply of gas to the burner. These valves work in mercury, and are so arranged as to release on one side of their centres a corresponding amount of mercury to the displacement of the other. 2. In constructing a vertical section valve by means of a small inverted cup, with slots or openings at its edges. 3. In reducing the pressure of gas by causing it to percolate through any suitable depth or thickness of granulated material. Patent abandoned. 829. W. MATHER. "An improved apparatus for catching and destroying flies and other insects." Dated April 2, 1859. This consists of shallow dishes or vessels of tin, zine, or other metal, with holes or projections in the sides to allow of their being suspended from the ceiling, in which any of the well-known poisonous or adhesive substances used for such purposes is placed. Patent abandoned. 8830. A. PAGET. "Improvements in machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of looped fabrics, and in the manner of constructing the same." Dated April 2, 1859. This consists, 1, in using a sinker to cach needle, and actuating each sinker consecutively by an incline or otherwise; also in a method of supporting the sinkers in a grooved bar or comb; also in a method of retaining each sinker in position by a spring; also in securing such springs to a bar by cement or solder. 2. In using a presser bar with garts or grooves for the sinkers to slide through. 3. In a method of producing a selvage on any needle in the frame by a threadlayer. 4. In a method of making a knocking-overbar with the knocking-over pieces of steel plate, and of securing them in garts or grooves in a bar of brass. We cannot give space to the details of the invention. Paleat completed. 831. M. SCOTT. "Improvements in diving appaDated April 2, 1859. ratus." This mainly consists of the addition to the air pumps of an indicating cylinder containing a piston, the cylinder being open to the atmosphere at the top, and connected with the pump at the bottom by means of a pipe and stop-cock; the piston is loaded with weights which counterbalance the pressure of the air. Patent abandoned. 832. M. COUPLAND. "Improvements in furnaces." Dated April 2, 1859. In furnaces wherein a part of the foil bars are made to rise, as the fuel is consumed, in place of the hand mechanism for raising or lowering such part or parts of the foil bars, the patentee applies hydraulic mechanism, or the pressure of steam. The moveable bars are actuated by levers which receive motion from the piston of a hydraulic cylinder. Patent completed. wheels, which are mounted on studs fixed to a plate earried round by the carrying wheels, which thus communicates a quick motion to the rakes. Patent abandoned. 810. J. H. BURTON. "Improvements in the manufacture of barrels for small fire-arms." Dated April 4, 1859. Here the patentee takes a short solid cylindrical bar of steel which he slightly anneals. Through the centre of its entire length a hole of sufficient size to allow for the proper contraction when the cylinder is elongated is drilled, and the piece heated to the degree required in rolling steel. It is next subjected to the action of corresponding taper grooves on the peripheries of a pair of rollers. The cylinder is presented to these rollers upon fixed mandrils, and by them the size of the hole reduced in the elongation is determined. The barrel is then bored, turned, and finished in the Patent completed. usual way. 841. W. E. NEWTON." An improvement in ladies' hooped skirts." (A communication). Dated April 4, 1859. This consists in constructing one or more of the hoops or springs of a skirt so as to preserve as far as necessary its inflexibility in an upward and downward direction in all parts except at a point or part on such side, where they are made flexible, in order that they may bend and allow the front portion to hang down over the front of the seat when the wearer is sitting down. Patent abandoned. 833. T. RICHARDSON and G. W. JAFFREY. "Improvements in the arrangement and construction of and other like structures." Dated April 2, 1859. harbours of refuge, breakwaters, sea walls, or barriers, This mainly consists of a line or series of tapered towers, cylindrical in transverse section, made of cast or wrought-iron, having a clear space between each equal to its diameter. The spaces are to be filled in with balks of timber, iron pipes, or tubes, so as to form a species of vertical lattice, or screen, to break the oscillation of the waves, but at the same time allowing the tides to flow freely through them. Patent coming of marine engines." Dated April 4, 1859. pleted. 842. W. E. NEWTON. "An improved construction of retarding apparatus or break for railway carriages." (A communication.) Dated April 4, 1859. The retarding apparatus which operates on the wheels is actuated by means of suitable gearing, connected with one of the axles of the running wheels, and this gearing is brought into action by means of a clutch box under the control of the guard, and is put in or out of gear by a screw shaft and lever. Patent abandoned. 834. T. WILLIAMS and J. H. FULLER. "Improvements in screw-stocks and dies." Dated April 2, 1859. This consists in the adoption of two square dies, with a cutting surface on each edge, and a wedge at the back thereof, pressed down, drawn up, or proPatent completed. pelled by certain arrangements. 835. F. POTTS and R. BROUGH. "Certain improvements in the manufacture of calico printing rollers or cylinders, also in the machinery and apparatus for performing certain parts of the same, and which said apparatus are also applicable, separately or conjointly, to the manufacture of parallel and other metallic tubes, and the rolling of the metal for the same, or other purposes." Dated April 4, 1859. be judged from the above lengthy title) which we This invention comprises a variety of detail (as may cannot here quote at sufficient length for an intelligible abstract. Patent abandoned. 836. J. ECCLES. "Improvements in machinery for making bricks, tiles, and other articles formed of plastic materials." Dated April 4, 1859. The object here is to prevent breakage or stoppage of the apparatus when by accident an obstruction contrived as to slide or give way, and in combining gets into the pusher chamber by providing a plate so rollers with machinery that shall crush and deliver the clay to the mill, and, moreover, force the material through the pug-mill to be expressed through the moulding orifices. Patent completed. 837. C. F. KIRKMAN. "Protecting telegraph wires, and in using them for subterranean and submarine purposes." Dated April 4, 1859. This relates to a mode of constructing and applying telegraph wires, and consists in placing the wires covered with gutta-percha within a network, plaiting, or braiding of cocoa-nut fabric. Patent abandoned. 838. C. F. KIRKMAN. "Improvements in the manufacture of cocoa-nut fibre yarn and matting." Dated April 4, 1859. This consists in spinning cocon-nut fibre into yarn by means of well-known spinning machinery, and in afterwards manufacturing such fibre into matting by means of machinery. Patent abandoned. 839. W. BROWN and C. N. MAY Improvements in hay-making machines." Dated April 4, 1859. The inventor mounts the rakes or prongs for tossing the grass or hay on the same axis as the carrying wheels of the machine. On the frame in connection with the shafts they fix a ring with internal teeth concentric with, and in the plane of, a small pinion on the barrel or centre of the rake heads or prongs; they gear this pinion with the ring of teeth by means of three or other number of intermediate or idle 843. C. RUSSELL. "An improvement in the work The patentee claims applying the vibrating motion of a pendulum (derived from the pitching of a steam vessel) for cutting off the steam during the descend ing pitch, through the intervention of a tappet shaft connected with the cut-off valve, which will ensure a sudden cut off. And in conjunction with this combination he claims the use of a race which will allow of the pendulum vibrating to a given extent, without operating upon the cut-off valve, and will ensure the efficient action of the pendulum when the pitching of the vessel exceeds the given limit. Patent completed. 844. M. A. CROOKER. "Improvements in paddlewheels for steamers." Dated April 4, 1859. This consists in graduating either the distance from the centre at which floats or buckets of equal size are set upon the wheel, or of proportioning the size, and of course the resistance of each individual float or bucket to the amount of effective power impressed upon the wheel at the time the float or bucket is passing through the water. Patent completed. 66 815. D. B. WHITE. Improvements in arranging ships' and other pumps." Dated April 4, 1859. According to this invention, when it is desired to raise water or other fluids from a lower to a higher level, over an intervening obstacle of greater elevation patentee prefers to employ an ordinary lift pump than the higher level of the water or other fluid, the which has combined with it a syphon-formed outlet pipe, which is carried up from the upper or other suitable part of the barrel of the pump over the obstacle above which the water or other fluid has to pass, and down again so as to dip below the water or other fluid at the higher level. Patent completed. 846. E. MOREWOOD. Improvements in coating metals." Dated April 4, 1859. The patentee claims the sheeting of iron or copper by causing them to pass a certain number of inches below the surface of the coating metal. Also, the use of a box or arrangement for dividing the surface of the coating metal so as to have one kind of flux in one side of the sheets, &c., to be coated, and another or no flux at all on the other side. He also claims other features more or less connected with the above. Patent completed. 847. D. SOWDEN. "Improvements in Jacquard machines employed for weaving figured goods or fabrics." Dated April 4, 1859. This consists in imparting motion to the bottom bard and groove of jacquard machines by means of two rods or slides, and one lever and one treading rod, which simplifies the working and gains increased thereof. Patent abandoned. 848. A. SHANKS. "Certain improvements in machinery for forging and stamping metals." Dated April 5, 1859. The patentee claims, 1, the constructing of steamhammers of forging machines operated by a rotary movement to work the valve or valves in lieu of cams or levers. 2. The use of two extra valves, to regulate independently the pressure of steam on either side of the hammer piston. 3. The forming of the piston rod part of the hammer into an elliptical shape, to prevent its turning round in the cylinder; also, the placing of an elastic buffer inside the cylinder for the piston to strike against. Patent completed. 849. G. HASELTINE. "Improvements in sewing machines." Dated April 5, 1859. This consists in making a fast or knot-stitch, in ad dition to the ordinary shuttle stitch, by a simple construction and peculiar arrangement and combination of parts. The invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 850. E. FAIRBURN. Improvements in machinery for carding wool and other fibrous substances." Dated April 5, 1859. This relates to a former patent, dated March 11; 1852, and consists in placing plates of thin metal betwixt the swift or carding cylinder and the doffer, such plates being fitted and fixed in position with one edge in close proximity to the surface of the swift, the other edge entering into narrow grooves formed or cut into the surface of the doffer at suitable distances, so that the cards on the doffer are thus formed into rings, which being separated by the plates at the point of contact with the swift of the wool, &c., is effectually divided into strips as it is transferred from the swift to the doffer, from which it is stripped and passes over grooved rollers to the rubbers. Patent completed. 851. L. BRIERLEY and H. GEERING. "A new or mproved method of ornamenting metallic bedsteads and other articles of metallic furniture." Dated April 5, 1859. The patentees claim ornamenting such articles by applying thereto designs upon paper, the said designs being either drawn, engraved, lithographed, printed, or otherwise produced, and either plain, coloured, gilt, or bronzed and applied to the article by a mixture of glue and paste, and afterwards varnished, stoved, and polished. Patent completed. 852. F. C. BAKEWELL. "Improvements in open fire-places." (A communication.) Dated April 5, 1859. The patentee claims the use of a recess or firechamber placed at the back of the fire-basket of the grate, in combination with a covering, either arched or Hat, placed over the recess and fire basket, extending below the throat of the chimney for better consuming the smoke and gas emitted from the fuel. Patent completed. 853. G. F. CHANTRELL and E. DUTCH. "Improvements in the apparatus for regulating the quantity of water to be used for the flushing of water-closets and other purposes." Dated April 5, 1859. This consists in the use of a water supply cistern having a double bottom forming a measuring chamber for containing the quantity of water required at each operation of the apparatus. Within the measuring chamber is placed a double-acting valve, which upon being elevated or depressed cuts off the supply opening between the cistern and the measuring chamber, and opens the discharge orifice formed in the bottom of the measuring box, and upon the action being reversed the supply valve is opened, and the discharge orifice closed. This double valve is acted upon by a system of levers, which levers receive their motion by a person entering the closet or otherwise. Patent completed. 854. B. BROWNE. "Improvements in propelling ships or other vessels through water." (A communieation.) Dated April 5, 1859. This relates to screw propellers, and consists principally in placing them very much before the sternpost of the ship, and well under the bilge thereof, so that the power will be greater, and acting more directly upon that part of the vessel will assist in giving her more speed and less vibration. It is pro posed to employ double screws, or two screws or seg ments on shafts at each side of the stern-post, the said shafts being worked by any motive power. Patent abandoned. 855. J. HETHERINGTON, T. WEBB, and J. CRAIG. "Improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning and doubling cotton, and other fibrous materials.' Dated April 5, 1859. The patentee claims, 1, driving the spindles by conical friction surfaces. 2. The use of apparatus for causing the cords to lap around, and to retire from the drag pulleys. 3. The use of slits formed in the flyers or tops of spindles, in conjunction with top bearings, also with slits; also the use of spiral top ends to flyers or spindles. 4. The use of two or more loose and fast wharves on one spindle. Patent completed. 856. T. SCOTT. "Improvements in preparing, treating, or manufacturing fibrous materials, and in apparatus employed therein." Dated April 5, 1859. This relates principally to the treatment of " China grass," or "rhea fibre." The material is primarily deposited in a chamber containing a cold or heated alkaline solution, composed of alkali and soap, or oleaginous matter and common soda, or soda and potash. After treatment in this solution the fibrous material is removed, and it is then laid in a heap for the gummy matter to become separated from the actual fibre. The fibre is then beetled, washed, and finished for hackling in the ordinary way. There are modifications included. Patent abandoned. 857. N. LIBOTTE. "An improved safety ap paratus to be applied to cages in the drawing of coals." Dated April 5, 1859. This consists of a safety apparatus in which claws, grips, or jaws are mounted upon shafts which are capable of being turned to the required extent by means of vertical or horizontal springs on such springs being released by the breaking of the rope or chain by which the chair is suspended. The springs being thereby set free to act upon the shafts and their jaws or grips, the latter are caused to grip or catch into the pit or shaft guides with a firm hold. Patent completed. 858. F. M. CRICHTON. "Improvements in clocks or time-keepers." Dated April 5, 1859. This consists in a new arrangement of what is usually termed a "going barrel," or toothed spring box, applying the power of one only to work both trains. Patent completed. 859. T. P. LUFF. "Improvements in cheese-vats." Dated April 6, 1859. This consists in making those vessels in which cheeses are pressed of metal instead of wood. The inventor makes them of the usual form, with loose shifting bottoms, and with discs or followers to be laid on the top of the cheese, and more or less perforated as required. Patent abandoned. 860. J. ADAMS. "An improved tubular chain cable guide for vessel's bulwarks." Dated April 6, 1859. This consists in an improved manufacture of cable guide as made with its body or pipe curved in longitudinal section, the external surface of the flange being made in continuation of the curve of the body, and so that the chain whether running out or being drawn in shall pass over and on a curved surface, such as will prevent any link from being stopped so as to be broken. Such curve of the flange and the inner surface of the pipe will also operate to diminish the danger of breakage of a chain cable while the vessel held by it may be riding at anchor in stormy weather or while pitching on the waves. Patent completed. 861. J. A. H. BALLANDE. "An improvement in the preparation of writing-paper, and ink to be used thereon." Dated April 6, 1859. This consists in introducing into paper oxides or metallic salts, the proportions of which may vary ac cording to the intensity of effect to be produced. The agent preferred is proto-chloride of mercury, but any salt of iron, of copper, or any other metallic salt will answer. Patent abandoned. 862. W. OWEN. 66 Improvements in the manufacture of railway wheels and tyres, and in the apparatus employed therein." (Partly a communication.) Dated April 6, 1859. This relates, 1, to a method of combining the felloes and the tyres, or any other parts of railway wheels, and consists in forming a dovetailed or other like hole groove or recess in the tyre or other of the two parts to be combined, and in forcing into this hole groove or recess the heated end of a rivet or bolt, or the heated edge or end of a bar or plate, so that the metal shall be expanded in the said hole, groove, or recess, and thereby be caused to hold the parts firmly together. It relates, 2, to improved methods of, and apparatus for, forming and combining the several parts of railway wheels and their tyres. According to one method the patentee forms the felloes of the wheels with parts of two different diameters, or with alternate portions of the periphery of two different radii, and also by preference of a dovetailed form. The tyre of the wheel is formed with a corresponding dovetailed groove all round its interior, and with parts of its internal edge cut away so as to allow of the large alternate portions of the felloe being dropped into the recesses in the tyre, and then to be turned round in the tyre so as to lock themselves in the dovetailed groove. This brings the alternate small portions of the felloe opposite to the recessed portions of the tyre, and the vacant spaces thus left are filled up by plates of a suitable shape which may be rivetted to the felloe. Again, in order to facilitate and improve the manufacture of railway wheels by means of dies under a powerful hammer, the patentee forms the parts which are to form a nave (by stamping in dies or otherwise) with sloping or inclined projections to receive corresponding ends of spokes, and in some cases he also recesses the nave, and forms the spokes with projections to fit in the recesses. The object is to provide either for heating all the parts at once, or for heating any two or more of them separately, and then bringing them together in a heated state to be acted upon by the hammer dies. There are various other features comprised in this invention, but to which we cannot specially allude for want of space. Patent completed. 863. J. ROGERS and E. J. TWEED. "Improvements in coating conducting wires used for electric telegraphic purposes." Dated April 6, 1859. so as to Here the conducting wire or wires are first coated with gutta percha or india-rubber, and longitudinal bands of braided or plaited hemp are applied: surround the insulated wire or wires, and these longitudinal bands may be bound round with yarn or not to retain them, and then a coating of wires which have been previously bound with hemp or flax are braided or plaited over the outer surfaces of the parts previously combined. Patent completed. 861. J. SCOFFERN. "Improvements in lubricating projectiles and cartridges." Dated April 6, 1859. This consists in employing for this purpose a com position prepared by mixing together paraffine and naphthaline. Patent completed. 865. D. MOSELEY. "Improvements in the manu facture of cards for carding cotton and other fibrous materials." Dated April 7, 1859. This consists in manufacturing the backs of cards of cloth composed of woollen weft and cotton or linen warp covered with a sheet of india rubber in its native state cut from a cylindrical block. The sheet of native india-rubber is attached to the fabric by cement. Patent completed. 866. A. CHAPLIN, "Improvements in steamboilers." Dated April 7, 1859. This consists, 1, in constructing boilers with tubes crossing the water surface line, such tubes being con tracted below such line, and re-expanded. 2. In combining in boilers tubes of different effective calibres, so as to obtain more equal currents throughout the series. 3. In constructing vertical tubular boilers with increasing horizontal area internally, at and im mediately above the water surface line. The inven tion is not fully described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 867. R. POSTLETHWAITE. "An improvement in harness pads for horses." Dated April 7, 1859. This consists in fitting such pads with hinges made of one piece with, or firmly fixed to, the metal frame on which the said pads are made in order to render them flexible, and thus allow of their expansion or contraction when required for a different sized animal. Patent completed. 868. R. WARDELL and H. KEARSLEY. "Improvements in reaping machines." Dated April 7, 1859. This relates to a former patent, dated April 1, 1857, and comprises several improvements which are not described apart from the drawings. Patent abandoned. 869. G. CHAMPNEY. "Improvements in reaping machines." Dated April 7, 1859. Here the corn is cut by a series of circular saws driven by straps and pulleys from a suitable driving spindle in the body of the machine. The cut corn falls on to an endless inclined travelling sheet which conveys it from the cutters towards the hind portion of the machine where a receiving box or "type" is placed into which the corn collects. Patent abandon ed. 870. J. LAKIN, jun. "A new or improved agricultural drill." Dated April 7, 1859. The essential feature of this invention is a vibrating spout which delivers the manure by a side-long delivery. Patent abandoned. 871. J. GARRETT. "Improvements in the con struction of goblets, jugs, and other like articles." Dated April 7, 1859. This consists in mounting the bowl in a setting of metal which will thus be protected from liability to injury, and may be readily removed to facilitate the cleaning of the bowl. This metallic portion constitutes the foot and handle, and the bowl is secured by making it fit at bottom on to a projection or into a holder in the metallic foot, and causing the upper part of the handle (which is connected to the foot) to clip the edge of the bowl. Patent completed. 872. J. RAWLINGS. "An improved construction of boot tree." Dated April 7, 1859. The patentee constructs a boot-tree capable of contracting to receive the boot, and of being expanded and retained in that position while the boot is being cleaned. This boot-tree is fastened to any fisel point. Patent abandoned, 873. J. T. PITMAN. Improvements in the construction and use of fireworks for signals." (A communication.) Dated April 8, 1859. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 874. W. H. SMITH. "Improvements in the construction of cartridges, and in fire-arms for using the same. Dated April 8, 1859. This consists in making a cartridge with several compartments in which the powder is deposited; these are separated from each other by interposing discs of metal so that the powder shall ignite and explode in each compartment in succession, and give successive impulses to the missile. It also consists in constructing the interior of the barrel with cutting or sunken grooves of different depths, but in the same continuous line, the deepest being at the breech. At a proper distance the depth diminishes, and so on succes sively as many times as there are chambers in the cartridge for the purpose of receiving the ends of these projections, and allowing them to proceed their intended distance without obstruction. The depth of the groove being lessened at a given point raisos a barrier against which the wings strike, and the percussion powder is exploded, igniting the powder in the next chamber. Patent abandoned. 875. J. BINDLEY and J. L. HINKS. "Improvements in rotatory steam-engines and pumps, a portion of which improvements may also be applied to the bearings of shafts or axles, and other rotating bodies." Dated April 8, 1859. The patentee claims, 1, a rotatory steam-engine or pump consisting of two concentric drums, the annular space between the said drums being closed on one side by a rotating vane carried by the smaller of the two drums, the steam or water being admitted and cut off by the descent and ascent of a slide valve, the ascending motion of which slide-valve is affected by the same, and the descending motion by its own weight. 2. Making the bearings of rotatory steam-engines and pumps in four pieces, the said pieces being made to contract upon the neck of the shaft by the action of wedges and screws. Patent completed. 876. W. CAMPION. "Improvements in machinery for the manufacture of looped fabrics." Dated April 8, 1859. This consists in the arrangement and combination of a moveable needle bar and needle presser and looped hooks and sinkers and thread carriers, which are moved by carns and by which greater speed is obtained than heretofore. Patent completed. 877. W. WHEELDON. "An improvement in looking-glasses and mirrors." Dated April 8, 1859. The object here is the ornamenting and increasing the reflective powers of looking glasses and mirrors, and consists in frosting, roughing, or obscuring, and cutting or carving an ornamental border on one or both sides of the plate, and afterwards silvering the same on the side on which the design is produced. Patent completed. 2343. G. Price. Improvements in locks. 2344. J. Varley and J. Crowther. Improvements in steam-engines and boilers. 2346. G. Goldsmith. Improvements in gas meters. 2348. H. W. C. Wise. An improved domestic apparatus for making tea, coffee, and other such like beverages. Dated Oct. 15, 1859. 2350. H. Chapman. safety railway break. 2352. J. Fernihough. Improvements in the construction of steam-boilers and apparatus connected therewith. An improved self-acting 2354. J. H. Johnson. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for breaking stones. (A communication.) 2358. N. Montanari. An improved apparatus for aiding children in learning to walk. 2360. J. Elder. Improvements in steam and other engines. Dated Oct. 17, 1859. 2362. W. K. Hall. Improvements in apparatus for manufacturing cotton wadding. (A communication.) 2364. S. Newberry and H. Moore. Certain improvements in looms for weaving. 2366. W. E. Newton. Improvements in rotary steam-engines. (A communication.) 2368. W. Norton. drying grain. Improvements in kilns for 2370. J. Thom and A. Kennedy. Improvements in looms for weaving. 2372. R. A. Brooman. Improvements in electromagnetic engines, and in apparatus connected therewith. (A communication.) 2374. W. Tillie. Improvements in sewing machines. 2392. C. Seton. Improvements applicable to the wheels of carriages generally for the purpose of reducing the draught thereof. 2394. G. Hart. Improvements in the manufacture of hats. 2396. J. and H. Bruckshaw and W. S. Underhill. Improvements in machinery for elevating grain or other similar substances. Dated Oct. 20, 1859. 2400. E. T. Hughes. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for compressing and making caps for cartridges. (A communication.) 2401. R. A. Brooman. A cryptographic machine or apparatus for carrying on secret correspondence. (A communication.) 2402. P. A. Godefroy. Improvements in the construction of submarine cables. 2403. F. Nivelle. Improvements in sewing machines. 2404. J. Hodgson. Improvements in building ships and vessels. 2405. C. Hanson. Improvements in fire-arms and ordnance. Dated Oct. 21, 1859. 2406. J. Musgrave. Certain improvements in steam-boilers. 2407. J. H. Green. A composition for coating metals and other substances for various purposes. 2408. J. T. Pitman. An improved mode of converting cast iron into soft malleable iron without change of form. (A communication.) 2410. G. T. Bousfield. Improvements in apparatus for steering vessels. (A communication.) struction of ships and rafts. 2411. T. S. Prideaux. Improvements in the con 2412. W. Maltby. Improvements in refining oil. Dated Oct. 22, 1859. 2414. P. Jones. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for suspending, carrying, and laying down paper, woven fabrics, paper-hangings, and all kinds of flexible materials during and after the process of drying and also for giving a continuous positive motion to the suspending rods or spindles. 2415. G. B. Mill. Improvements in pressureregulating apparatus for gas burners. 2416. W. Fox and J. Willis. Improvements in the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols, part of which improvements is applicable to other purposes. A method of preparing inoxidizable oils and fats to be employed as lubricating substances. (A communication.) 2417. R. A. Brooman. 2418. W. Brookes. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for preparing wool and other fibrous materials. (A communication.) 2420. W. Thorold. 2419. S. Beardmore. Improvements in electric telegraphs. Improvements in apparatus applied to locomotive engines for condensing steam. 2421. J. Dahlke. Improvements in the preparaof water and the preservation of organic matters, and tion of charcoal and its application to the purification in apparatus connected therewith. 2422. F. Wrightson. Improvements in purifying coal gas, and in utilizing compounds obtained in purifying coal gas. 2423. F. N. Clerk and C. Thomas. Improvements in clevers and choppers. Dated Oct. 24, 1859. 2424. A. L. Dowie. Improvements in gas burners, and in pressure-regulating apparatus for the same. 2425. G. Holden. Improvements in machinery for spinning cotton and other fibrous substances. 2427. A. C. Bertrand. Improvements in the manufacture of herbal cigarrettes. 2428. R. A. Brooman. Improvements in daylight and other reflectors, and in the method of supporting lamp reflectors. (A communication.) 2429. M. Fitzpatrick. Apparatus to be applied to the prevention of accidents on railways, called "parachoc." 2430. R. Seager. Improvements in compounds of india-rubber and gutta-percha. 2431. W. E. Newton. Improvements in the construction of ships or vessels. (A communication.) 2432. W. E. Newton. Improvements in paddlewheels. (A communication.) Dated Oct. 25, 1859. telegraph cables, and in the mode of obtaining 2433. H. S. Rosser. Improvements in electric signals. 2437. W. A. Matthews. Improvements in springs. 2439. E. Ellis. Improvements in the manufacture of lace, and in apparatus employed therein. 2441. E. S. Tebbutt. An improved manufacture of elastic fabrics. Dated Oct. 26, 1859. 2443. W. Clark. Improvements in the preparation and application of baths or bathing media, and in apparatus employed therein. (A communication.) 2415. J. Z. Kay. Improvements in gas meters and in apparatus for maintaining or preserving the levels of liquids. 2147. J. H. Paterson. Improvements in shirting cloths and in shirts. 2451. C. E. Wilson and H. G. Hacker. Improvements in machinery for the manufacture of chenille. 2453. T. Whitby and W. Dempsey. Improvements in ordnance and fire-arms. Dated Oct. 27, 1859. 2455. C. Stevens. A machine for scouring and polishing floors and decks of ships. (A communication.) 2457. E. H. Rascol. A new implement for cleansing of the plates, dishes, and other table or kitchen utensils. (A communication.) 2459. R. M. Ordish. Improvements in railway fastenings. 2461. R. A. Brooman. Improvements in the preparation of red colouring matters or dyes. (A com. munication.) 2463. H. Cowan. An improvement in waistcoats and certain other articles of wearing apparel. NOTICES OF INTENTION TO PROCEED WITH PATENTS. (From the London Gazette, Nov. 8, 1859.) 1528. J. Roberts. Filters. 1533. G. and T. H. Wrigley. Self-acting mules. 1543. G. Hall, jun. Reaping machines. 1545. W. and J. Wray. Reaping machines. 1546. T. Wight. Cast metal pipes. 1553. E. Francis. Packing grocery. 1558. L. Boigeol. Twisting fibres. 1579. R. W. Morville. Window sashes. (A com munication.) |