N.B.-Romans are indexed under the name by which they are best known, e.g. C. Julius Cæsar under Cæsar, but Gn. Pompeius Magnus under Pompey.
ABGARUS, his treacherous advice to Crassus, 197
Achillas, murders Pompey, 287 Aedui, allied to Cæsar, 316 Emilianus, P. Cornelius, put to death by Pompey, 242 Afranius, L., defeated by Cæsar in Spain, 327
Africa, province of, annexed, 5; colonial scheme of C. Gracchus in, 61, 75; of Saturninus in, 99; conquered by Pompey, 240; con- quered by Cæsar, 230, 331 Ager Publicus, the, its history, 25- 26; see Agrarian Laws Agrarian Laws, of Ti. Gracchus, 27- 31; renewed by C. Gracchus, 60; of Saturninus, 100; of Drusus, 105; of Rullus, 180-181; of Cæsar, 335
Agriculture, decline of Italian, 15- 20, 90-91; see Agrarian Laws Ahenobarbus, L. Domitius stands for the consulship, 222; captured by Cæsar at Corfinium, 282 Alesia, siege of, by Cæsar, 322 Alexandria, Cæsar at, 331 Antistius, C., praetor, saves the life
of Pompey, 238; murdered, 240 Antonius, M., orator, slain by Marius, 128
Antonius, C. (Hybrida), prosecuted by Cæsar, 295
Antonius, M. Creticus, foiled by the Pirates, 249
Antonius, M. (the Triumvir), assists Cæsar, 326, 329
Antullius, Q., murdered by the Democrats, 79-80
Aquae Sextiae, battle of, 97 Aquilius, M', Governor of Asia, 64 Arausio, victory of the Cimbri at, 96 Archelaus, defeated by Sulla, 131, 134 Ariovistus, defeated by Cæsar, 314 Armenia, Pompey subdues, 257 Asia, province of, 6; annexed by Rome, 37; the tithe-farming system introduced in, 67; revolts to Mithradates, 68; reorganised by Sulla, 136; his arrangements in, 155; the tithe-system restored by Pompey and Crassus, 175 Ateius, P., his opposition to Cras- sus, 195
Athens, captured by Sulla, 130- 131
Attalus III., bequeaths his king- dom to Rome, 37
Augustus (C. Julius Cæsar Octavi- anus), designated as his heir by Cæsar, 331; his administrative system, 336
Avaricum, massacre at, 319 Aventine, Mt., battle on the, 83- 84
BELGE, Cæsar's campaign against the, 318, 322
Bestia, . Calpurnius, his mis- conduct in Africa, 93 Bibulus, M. Calpurnius, colleague of Cæsar in the consulship, op- pressed by him, 217, 310; heads Pompey's fleet, 227-228 Blossius, C., the tutor of Ti. Gracchus, 24, 45
Bocchus, king of Numidia, sur- renders Jugurtha to Sulla, 120-
Brundisium, Sulla at, 140; besieged by Cæsar, 282 Brutus, L. Junius Damasippus, mas-
sacres the Optimates, 142; de- feated and slain by Sulla, 144 Brutus, M. Junius, defeated and executed by Pompey, 242 Byzantium, Čato at, 218-219
CELIUS, M. Rufus, slain for oppos-
ing Cæsar, 333 Caepio, Q. Servilius, defeated at Arausio, 96
Cæsar, C. Julius, his early life, 292-295; his political début, 295; seized by Pirates, 296; aids in passing the Gabinian Law, 250; his connection with Cati- line, 299; aids Metellus Nepos, 212; his governorship in Spain, 306-307; forms the First Trium- virate, 309; his first consulship, 310-311; his Gallic campaigns, 315-322; at the Conference of Lucca, 273; his breach with Pompey, 278-279; commences the Civil War, 280; his Italian cam- paign, 281-282; his first Spanish campaign, 327; his Epirot cam- paign, 284; his Egyptian cam- paign, 331; his African cam- paign, 331; his settlement of the empire, 335-337; personal char- acteristics of, 288-291 Cæsar, L. Julius, enfranchises the Italians, 111; murdered by the Democrats, 128
Campus Martius, Lepidus defeated in, 164
Caninius L. Gallus, aids Pompey,
Capua, projected colony of C. Gracchus at, 61; of Drusus at, 105
Carbo, C. Papirius, democratic leader, 52
Carbo, Gn. Papirius, aids Cinna, 140; resists Sulla, 142; his massacres, 142; driven out of Italy, 145; executed by Pompey,
Carrhae, Crassus defeated at, 197–
Carrinas, C., defeated by Pompey, 239; defeated and slain by Sulla,
Carthage, colony at, founded by C. Gracchus, 61
Catilina, L. Sergius, his connection with Crassus, 181-183; and with Cæsar, 299
Cato, M. Porcius, his character and position, 203-205; anecdotes of his youth, 206-207; his military services, 208; reforms the treasury, 209; aids Cicero, 210; opposes Metellus Nepos, 211- 212; aids Bibulus against Cæsar, 217; sent to Cyprus by Clodius, 218; heads the extreme Optim- ates, 221; his proposal to im- peach Cæsar, 223; encourages Pompey to resist Cæsar, 226; his part in the campaign in Epirus, 227; retires to Africa, 229; his suicide at Utica, 231- 232
Catulus, Q. Lutatius, defeats the Cimbri, 121; massacred by Marius, 128
Catulus, Q. Lutatius, junior, a prominent Optimate, 162; de- feats Lepidus, 164
Censorship, the, Sulla's dealings with, 153; restored by Crassus and Pompey, 176 Chaeronea, Sulla's victory at, 131- 132
Cicero, M. Tullius, supports the Manilian Law, 255; opposes Catiline, 183; his attitude to- ward Crassus, 185; his futile attempts to conciliate Pompey,
188; quarrels with Cato, 215; banished by Clodius, 192; his return, 193; his adventure at Corcyra, 228-229
Cilicia, the Pirates of, 8; Sulla's rule in, 121-122; Pompey's con- quests in, 253, 258
Cimbri, their victories over the Romans, 95-96; campaign of Marius against, 97-98 Cinna, L. Cornelius, heads the Democratic party, 127; his massacres, 128; his futile legisla- tion, 138; murdered by his soldiers, 140 Claudius, Appius, father-in-law of Ti. Gracchus, 14; a member of the Land Commission, 36 Claudius, P. Pulcher, see Clodius Cleopatra, Cæsar's relations with, 292
Clodius, P. Pulcher, supported by Crassus, 192; drives Cicero into exile, 193; sends Cato to Cyprus, 218; assails and thwarts Pompey, 268, 272; his murder, 277 Colline Gate, battle of the, 143-144 Corcyra, Cato at, 228
Corn-dole, the, instituted by C. Gracchus, 59; increased by Saturninus, 99; and by Drusus, 106; abolished by Sulla, 155; restored in B.C. 70, 176
Corfinium, capture of, by Cæsar, 282
Cornelia (mother of the Gracchi), 14, 58
Cotta, C. Aurelius, uncle of Cæsar, 175, 297
Crassus, L. Licinius, orator, mur-
dered by the Marians, 128 Crassus, M. Licinius, the Triumvir, escapes from the massacres of Marius, 166; joins Sulla, 167; his military exploits, 144; ostra- cized by Sulla for corruption, 168; his methods of money-making, 169-170; commands against Spar- tacus, 172; allies himself with Pompey to obtain the consulship, 173; laws carried by them, 175- 176; intrigues of during Pompey's
absence, 179-182; his relations with Catiline, 182; estranges Cicero from Pompey, 188; forms the First Triumvirate, 190; perse- cutes Cicero, 193; endeavours to induce Cæsar to desert Pompey, 273; obtains a second consulship, 194; goes to the East, 195; defeated and slain by the Par- thians at Carrhae, 199-201 Crassus, P. Licinius, reconciles his father to Cicero, 193; slain at Carrhae, 199
Curio, C. Scribonius, partisan of Cæsar, 326; slain in Africa, 327 Cyprus, annexed by Rome, 218; doings of Cato in, 219
DARDANUS, treaty of, between Sulla and Mithradates, 136 Delos, sacked by the fleet of Mithra- dates, 129
Delphi, plundered by Sulla, 130 Drusus, M. Livius, opposes and
outbids C. Gracchus, 73-74 Drusus, M. Livius, junior, his schemes of reform, 104-105; in- troduces and carries laws, 107; is thwarted by the Senate, 107; murdered, 108 Dyrrhachium, campaign of Cæsar and Pompey round, 227, 284, 329
EGYPT, the Democrats endeavour to annex it, 180; Pompey offers to go to, 269-270; murder of Pompey in, 287; campaign of Cæsar in, 331
Equester Ordo, the, its early history, 63-64; privileges bestowed on it by C. Gracchus, 65; its misuse of them, 67, 91; attacked by Drusus, 104; Sulla legislates against it, 154-155; its privileges restored by Pompey and Crassus, 175
Etruria, depopulation of, 15; cam- paigns of Sulla in, 143; of Lepidus in, 164
FANNIUS, C., consul, opposes C. Gracchus, 72
Favonius, M., friend of Cato, 225 Fimbria, C. Flavius, murders L. Flaccus, 133; invades Asia, 135 ; slain by his troops, 136 Flaccus, M. Fulvius, endeavours to enfranchise the Italians, 53; his campaign in Gaul, 53; aids C. Gracchus, 70; takes arms, 81; slain by the Optimates, 84 Flaccus, L. Valerius, opposes Sulla, 133; his debt-laws, 138; mur- dered by Fimbria, 133 Fonteius, P., adopts Clodius, 312 Freedmen, measures of Sulpicius in favour of, 113; dealings of Sulla with, 149 Fregellae, revolt and destruction of, 53
GABINIUS, A., his law to send Pompey against the Pirates, 251- 253
Gallæci, campaign of Cæsar against 307
Gaul, conquests of M. Flaccus in, 53; campaign of Marius in, 97; character of its population, 315-317; conquered by Cæsar, 315-322 Glaucia, C. Servilius, demagogue,
his career and death, 99-103 Gracchus, Caius Sempronius, his early career, 53-54; obtains the tribunate, 55; his attack on Popi- lius and Octavius, 57-58; insti- tutes the Corn-dole, 59; his legis- lature concerning the Equester Ordo, 63-65; the Asiatic tithe- farming, 67; concerning roads, 62; his colonial schemes, 69; his desire to enfranchise the Italians, 70- 71; opposed by Drusus, 72-73; his schemes frustrated, 74-75 ; takes arms against the Senate, 81; slain, 85 Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, his character and early career, 11-13; his doings in Spain, 14-15; his views on the Agrarian question, 16-19; introduces his Agrarian Law, 27; opposed by Octavius, 31-33; deposes him, 35: carries
his law, 36; its results, 37-38, 49; his popularity decays, 40; he fails to be re-elected tribune, 43; the Optimates take arms against him, 47; his murder, 48 Granius, Q., put to death by Sulla, 161
Greece, campaigns of Sulla in, 130– 135
HELVETII, campaign of Cæsa against, 313 Hortensius, marriage, 221
Q1, his strange
ILERDA, Cæsar's victory at, 327 Isauria, subdued by Pompey, 253; his colonies in, 237 Italian franchise question, the, 69- 71; raised by Ti. Gracchus, 41; pressed by Fulvius Flaccus, 53; by C. Gracchus, 71; by Livius Drusus, 107-108; causes the Social War, 109-110; partly settled by the Julian Law, III; completely settled by the Plautio- Papirian Law, III; dealings of Sulpicius with the, 113
JERUSALEM, taken by Pompey, 259; its temple plundered by Crassus, 196
Juba, king of Numidia, opposes Cæsar, 331
Judicia, see Jury-Courts. Jugurtha, his war with Rome, 92-
95; his capture by Sulla, 121 Julia, wife of Marius, her funeral, 303 Julia, daughter of C. J. Cæsar,
married to Pompey, 266; her death, 278
Junonia (Carthage), colony of, 61 Jury-courts, taken from the Senators and given to the Knights, 64-65 ; abuses of the, 91; dealings of Drusus with, 105-106; multiplied and restored to the Senators by Sulla, 155; legislation of Pompey and Crassus on, 175
KNIGHTS, see Equester Ordo.
LELIUS, C., his views on the Agrarian question, 26 Latins, receives the citizenship, III Lentulus, P. Cornelius, friend of Catiline, 176; executed, 210 Lepidus, M. Æmilius, made consul by Pompey's aid, 241; his re- bellion and death, 164-165 Lucca, the conference at, 271-273 Luceria, Pompey at, 281-282 Lucullus, L. Licinius, his campaigns against Mithradates, 165; his final failure, 249; opposes the demands of Pompey, 214, 263 Lusitania, Cæsar's campaign in, 307
Mallius, Gn. Maximus, defeated at Arausio, 96
Mamilius, C. Limetanus, impeaches Optimate leaders, 93
Mancinus, C. Hostilius, defeated by the Numantines, 14-15 Manilius, C., carries the law giving Pompey the Eastern command, 254-255
Marius, C., obtains the recall of Metellus, 94; his demagogic arts, 93-94; conquers Numidia, 95; defeats the Cimbri, 97; his intrigues with Saturninus, 98-99; his failure in politics, 103; commands in the Social War, 110; allies himself with Sulpicius, 114; expelled by Sulla, 125; reconquers Rome, 127; his massacres, 128; his death, 128 Marius, C., junior, defeated at Sacriportus, 142; death of at Praeneste, 144
Memmius, C., murdered by Satur- ninus, IOI
Merula, L. Cornelius, murdered by the Democrats, 294 Mesopotamia, invaded by Crassus, 196-198
Messius, C., his law in favour of Pompey, 269
Metellus, Q. Caecilius, his campaign in Numidia, 93-94
Metellus, Q. Caecilius Nepos, his strife with Cato, 211-213 Metellus, Q. Caecilius Pius, aids Sulla, 126, 141; his campaigns in Spain, 243, 245
Milo, T. Annius, murders Clodius, 277; slain, 333
Minucius L. Thermus, assists Cato, 213
Mithradates, king of Pontus, con- quers Asia from the Romans, 112, 123; conquers Greece, 129; his armies defeated by Sulla, 130- 134; makes peace with Sulla, 136; his later wars, 165; his struggle with Lucullus, 249; beaten by Pompey, 257; his death, 259 Mithradates Cæsar, 331
of Pergamus, aids
Mummius, Q., aids Ti. Gracchus, 36, 44
Munda, Cæsar's victory at, 331 Muraena, L. Licinius, defended by Cicero, 210; protects Cato, 213 Mytilene, siege of, 295
NASICA, P. Cornelius Scipio, slays Ti. Gracchus, 48-49
Nola, siege of, by Sulla, 115, 123 Nonius, Q., murdered by Satur- ninus, IOI
Norbanus, C., defeated by Sulla, 140-141
Numantia, Ti. Gracchus at, 14-15 Numidia, wars of Metellus and Marius in, 93-94; wars of Cæsar in, 331
OCTAVIANUS, C. Julius Cæsar, de- signated heir by Cæsar, 339 Octavius, Cn., opposes the Demo- crats, 127; murdered by the Democrats, 128
Octavius, M., opposes Ti. Gracchus, 31; deposed by him, 34; attacked by C. Gracchus, 58
Octavius, M., admiral of Pompey, 228
Ofella, Q. Lucretius, put to death by Sulla, 156
Opimius, L., takes Fregellae, 53:
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