half a minute. We gazed on her in mute astonishment. The supernatural light gradually faded away; she turned her head from one to the other of us, and, with a surprising effort, exclaimed: "Did you not hear it? the shouts the shouts of victory!" and appeared greatly disappointed at our silence. She then grew rapidly weaker, and within an hour or so breathed her last. Within a few hours after her death, we related this extraordinary scene to the doctor and the clergyman, who had been her kind and constant attendants; as also, to several relatives and friends. For obvious reasons, I omit further particulars, but I shall be very happy to supply them in detail to your correspondent. I enclose an envelope with my address. Y. S. M. BATTLES IN ENGLAND (3rd S. v. 398.)-The Barons' War, by W. H. Blaauw, Esq., for many years honorary secretary to the Sussex Archæological Society, contains a chapter (ch. xv.) devoted to the Battle of Evesham. The chapter consists of twenty-three pages, and the references are numerous. I shall have great pleasure in lending my copy to J. D. M'K. Croydon. WYNNE E. BAXTER. HINDOO GODS (3rd S. v. 399.) — In arranging his Hindoo Pantheon, MR. DAVIDSON might feel interested in a set of coarse pictures, in all about eighty, by a native artist, which I procured some years ago, in Calcutta. They represent most of their popular deities, with incidents in their legends, but unfortunately I have lost the Key I had with them. This, however, no doubt will be found in some of the books brought to Mr. D.'s notice; and if he would like to see mine, I shall be happy to send it to him. A. G. Although Vishnu is usually represented carried by either Hanuman (Pan) or Guruden (Mercury), when moving from one place to another, your correspondent JOHN DAVIDSON may rest assured that the image be possesses of a Hindoo god seated on a tortoise is Vishnu in that incarnation. By command of Bramha, or as he is otherwise called, Pru-Japutee (Jupiter), the lord of all creatures, Vishnu, after having delivered the earth from a deluge, supported it upon his back under the form of a tortoise, in which position the Hindoos believe it still continues. The Greek and Roman mythology was derived from that of India, the Indian from the Egyptian. The Indian fable of Vishnu as the tortoise supporting the earth on his back, suggested to the Greeks the myth of the broad-backed Atlas in a stooping posture, supporting the mountains of the earth. The tortoise of Indian superstition is analogous to the scarabæus of ancient Egypt, and both have the same emblematical signification. The above story of Vishnu delivering the world or its inhabitants from a deluge when in the form of a tortoise, which may be compared to that of an ark, when added to the facts that in Vish-Nu is preserved the oriental name of Noah, and that Vishnu is called the Preserver, may be regarded as a Hindoo record of the preservation of the survivors of the human race by Noah at the Deluge. H. C. THOMAS BENTLEY, OF CHISWICK OR TURNHAM GREEN (3rd S. v. 376.)—This gentleman, who was the partner of the celebrated Wedgwood, was buried at Chiswick. On the east wall of the chancel of Chiswick church is a monument to his memory. His epitaph tells us that "he was blessed with an elevated and comprehensive understanding; he possessed a warm and brilliant imagination, a pure and elegant taste. His extensive abilities were guided by the most expanded philanthropy in forming and executing is his bust in white marble. plans for the public good." Over the monument I should be glad to know something more of this Thomas Bentley, as Wedgwood's biographers, as far as I have seen, are entirely ignorant in the matter, and confound him with Richard Bentley, the only son of the celebrated Greek scholar. In a notice of Wedgwood in Chambers's Book of Days (i. 44), I find the following passage: - "He [Wedgwood] took into partnership Mr. Bentley, son of the celebrated Dr. Bentley, and opened a warehouse in London, where the goods were exhibited and sold. Mr. Bentley, who was a man of learning and taste, and had a large circle of acquaintance among men of rank and science, superintended the business in the me tropolis." All this is mere error and assumption. Dr. Bentley had only one son, Richard, who died October 23, 1782; whereas Thomas Bentley, the partner of Josiah Wedgwood, died at Turnham Green in 1780. In December, 1781, a twelve days' sale occurred at Christie's, being "the stock of Messrs. Wedgwood and Bentley." This was for the division of the property, the latter, as we have seen, having died in the previous year. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. Chronica Monasterii S. Albani. Thoma Walsingham quondam Monachi S. Albani, Historia Anglicana. Edited by Henry Thomas Riley, M.A. Vol. II. A.D. 1381-1423. Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III. and Henry VII. Edited by James Gairdner. Vol. II. Annales Monastici. Vol I. Annales de Margan (A.D. 1060-1232); Annales de Theokesberia (A.D. 1066— 1263); Annales de Burton (A.D. 1004—1263). Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A. Three more volumes of the goodly and useful Series of Chronicles, issuing under the direction of the Master of the Rolls, have been put forth to the great profit of the students of our earlier history. The first of these is the second and concluding volume of Mr. Riley's edition of Walsingham's Chronicles of St. Alban's. Mr. Riley has not only bestowed considerable pains upon this work, but has added greatly to its value by a series of interesting Appendices, and a full and carefully compiled Index. Like Mr. Riley's volume, Mr. Gairdner's is the second and final volume of The Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III. and Henry VII. It is similar in arrangement to the preceding, and contains numerous additional letters and papers; not merely legal and formal documents, but contemporary papers of general historical interest, many of which have been derived from foreign archives. Like Mr. Riley's volume, too, this of Mr. Gairdner has its value increased by its Appendix and Index. Mr. Luard's volume is the first of a collection of the various Annales preserved in the different monasteries and bearing their names, which contain the chief sources for the history of the thirteenth century. Many of these as have been already printed, but so imperfectly as to render a new edition desirable, while others are so rare scarcely to be obtainable at any price. For instance, The Margan Annals were printed by Gale from the only known MS.-that in Trinity College, Cambridge-but with such important omissions and such glaring errors, arising from ignorance or careless reading, that many sentences are absolute nonsense, and would seem to justify Mr. Luard's opinion that Gale employed a transcriber, and never collated the transcript. The Tewkeslury Annals in like manner, are preserved in only one MS. (in the Cottonian Collection), and every page shows the care and pains which Mr. Luard has bestowed upon the editing of them. The third chronicle, the well-known Annals of Burton, which Fulman had printed very carelessly in his Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores, is here reprinted with great accuracy and fidelity from the same MS., the only one known to exist, and which is also in the Cottonian Collection. Mr. Luard announces that a General Index will be given to all the Chronicles contained in his Collection, such Index being far more convenient, and far more valuable than if each chronicle or volume were indexed separately. Mr. Luard is quite right: a good index is an admirable thing, but in a multiplicity of indexes there is vexation and waste of time. Notices to Correspondents. PUBLICATION OF DIARIES.-T. T. W. really must excuse our bringing this controversy to a close. P. J. F. G. The "godless Regent" was Philip, Duke of Orleans, of whom Pope, in a note, says he was "superstitious in judicial astrology, though an unbeliever in all religion." ST. T. Sad, as used in Sad-iron, has the provincial meaning of heavy, solid, ponderous. Mam's Dail has doubtless the same meaning as Mam's Foot, a mother's pet child. Hulliwell has Daile, to dally. J. W. The first quotation on the book-plate is from Horace, Sat. i. 4, 138. The second is the motto to Laharpe's Cours de Littérature. G. J. COOPER. Herbert Coleridge, Esq. died on April 23, 1861. Sea Gent.'s Mag. June, 1861, and Macmillan's Magazine, Nov. 1-61-The Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold died on March 9, 1853. See Gent.'s Mag. June, 1853, p. 667, and Guardian newspaper, 1853, p. 180. His quarterly periodical, The Theological Critic, was complete in eight numbers, or 2 vols. 1851-2.-Mr. James Darling, bookseller, died on March 2, 1867. His Cyclopædia Bibliographica made 3 vols. Vide Gent.'s Mag. April, 1862, p. 512. DAVID SEMPLE. We would have availed ourselves of the monogram of Bishop Andrew Knox and his wife if it had reached us in time for the notices of that prelate, which appeared in our number of May 7, 1864. Many of our readers, however, will be glad to learn that some curious Unpublishet particulars of the Bishop of Raphoe, during his incumbency at Paisley, have been printed in the Paisley Herald of stay 21, 1864. *** Cases for binding the volumes of "N. & Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publisher (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 118. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order, payable at the Strand Post Office, in favour of WILLIAM G. SMITH, 32, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C., to whom all CoMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed. "NOTES & QUERIES" is registered for transmission abroad. LONDON, SATURDAY JUNE 4, 1864. CONTENTS. -No. 127. QUERIES:- Bells called Skelets - Buttery Family - Co- - rocks-Oratorio of "Abel" - Dor-To Man-Haydn Notes. prodigally wasted by this thriftless heir; and the nobility of the land was utterly debased by setting honours to public sale, and conferring them on persons that had neither blood nor merit fit to wear, nor estates to bear up their titles; but were fain to invent projects to pillage the people, and pick their purses, for the maintenance of vice and lewdness. The generality of the gentry of the land soon learned the court fashions, and every great house in the country became a sty of uncleanness. Then began murder, incest, adultery, drunkenness, swearing, fornication, and all sorts of ribaldry, to be concealed but countenanced vices, because they held such conformity with the court example."-Mrs. Hutchinson's Memoirs, Bohn's Standard Library, pp. 78-79. The extent to which James's individual drunkenness and depravity proceeded, is circumstantially related in Jesse's Court of the Stuarts, and by Lingard (History of England, vol. vii. pp. 99-100), from the contemporary accounts contained in Winwood's Memorials, Lodge's Illustrations of British History, and the despatches of De Boderie, the French ambassador; and to these a few years since were added, the curious and valuable Illustrations of the History of the 16th and 17th Centuries, translated from the German of Professor Von Raumer by Lord Francis Egerton. These papers, compiled from the manuscript col"Kilruddery lection in the Bibliothèque Royale, in Paris, contains the secret despatches of three different ambassadors to James's court-MM. De Beaumont, De Telliers, and De Boderie; and, in their several accounts of James's utter abandonment to every species of vice and sensuality, they agree to the letter. Since the Cities of the Plain called down the wrath of heaven, it may reasonably be doubted if any amount of human wickedness has transcended the pollutions of this so justly called by Mr. Forster, in his Life of Sir John Eliot-" the basest court in Christendom." THE COURT AND CHARACTER OF JAMES I. In Mr. Gardiner's recently published, and generally very able History of James I., I am surprised to find the following statement; which, as it would greatly mislead the historical student ignorant of the real history of the time, I request your permission to correct : "It is difficult to pronounce with certainty upon the extent to which the court immorality went. It is evident, from the circumstances which are known to us, that it was bad enough; but I believe that Mr. Hallam's comparison of the court of James with Charles II.'s is considerably exaggerated. I have omitted the wellknown story of the drunken scene at Theobald's during the King of Denmark's visit, not because I doubt its accuracy, but because it would leave an impression that such scenes were of constant occurrence. Whereas, it was only on very rare occasions that anything of the kind is heard of." That Mr. Gardiner should have found any difficulty in testing the amount of vice and uncleanness of James's time, and that he should have ventured on his last assertion, is extraordinary. "The court of this king," says Mrs. Hutchinson, whose father and relations were in immediate connection with it, "was a nursery of lust and intemperance; he had brought in with him a company of poor Scots, who, coming into this plentiful kingdom, were surfeited with riot and debaucheries, and got all the riches of the land only to cast away. The honour and wealth and glory of the nation, wherein Queen Elizabeth left it, were soon "Consider, for pity's sake," writes De Beaumont in June, 1604, "what must be the state and condition of a prince whom the preachers publicly from the pulpit assail-whom the comedians of the metropolis bring upon the stage-whose wife attends these representations to enjoy the laugh against her husband-whom the Parliament braves and despises, and who is universally hated by the whole people."-Von Raumer, vol. ii. p. 206. Again in October, 1604, he reports to Henry IV., that Anne of Denmark had said to him: "It is time that I should have possession of the Prince of Wales, and gain his affection: for the king drinks so much, and conducts himself so ill in every respect, that I expect an early and evil result." "I know that she grounds herself in this," continues the ambassador, "not only on the king's bad way of life, but also on this, that, according to her expressions, the men of the house of Lennox have generally, in consequence of excessive drinking, died in their fortieth year, or become quite imbecile."-Ibid., vol. ii. pp. 209-10.. for these pursuits; but I have too much modesty to describe, in the terms of strict truth, things which one would rather suppress than commit in writing to ambassadorial despatches, destined for the perusal of exalted persons. They are such as even friends touch upon only with reluctance in confidential letters. I have, nevertheless, sought out for the most decent expressions which I can make use of to convey to you some of the particulars, but I have not succeeded; whether because I am deficient in adroitness, or that it is actually impossible to lay these histories before chaste ears." It seems, however, that from Paris they pressed for further particulars; and De Telliers, therefore, returns in a subsequent despatch, undated, to the same subject. He writes: "In order to confer an honour on the house of the Duke of Buckingham, the king determined to drink to When he was a good way excess at a banquet there. advanced, and full of sweet wine, he took the Prince of Wales by the hand, led him to the lords and ladies; and said there was a great contention, between the prince and himself, as to which of the two best loved the Marchioness of Buckingham. After having recounted all sorts of reasons for and against, he drew some verses from his pocket which the poet Jonson had made in praise of the Marchioness; then read some others of his own composition, and swore he would stick them on all the doors of his house to show his good will." Here follows, says Lord F. Egerton, a passage in the original which he has been compelled to suppress in the translation. It amply justifies, says his Lordship, the ambassador's previous scruples as to dealing with the subject. It adds a lamentable proof to the many before extant of James's disgusting indecencies; and it is difficult to read it, without deriving the worst opinion of his habits and those of his favourites. "Had I not received this account," continues De Telliers, "from trustworthy persons, I should have considered it impossible; but this king is as good for nothing as possible,-suffers himself to be walked in leading-strings like a child, is lost in pleasures, and buried for the greater part of his time in wine."—Ibid., vol. ii. p. 266. Continuing the same course of unbridled profligacy, James's infamous career with Bucking ham in the succeeding year is repeatedly alluded to by De Telliers, in language of the deepest reprobation. In January, 1622, he writes: "Affairs here may in truth be dangerous, unless conducted with prudence-a quality totally wanting in the conduct of affairs, as the king and Buckingham insist upon doing everything, but do nothing. Buckingham follows wildly the plan of dissolving the Parliament, which must bring on his destruction; and it is to be feared that, if the Parliament once sink, all will crumble into ruin together. His own feeling teaches this to every Englishman, and all complain of the matter. The king alone seems free from anxiety, and has made a journey to Newmarket (as a certain other sovereign once did to Capri); and here he leads a life to which past nor present times afford no parallel. He takes his beloved Buckingham with him; wishes rather to be called his friend than king, and to associate his name to the heroes of friendship of antiquity. Under such specious titles, he endeavours to conceal scandalous doings; and because his strength deserts him for these, he feeds his eyes where he can no longer content his other senses. The end of all is ever the bottle."-Ibid., vol. ii. p. 266. To the same effect is the despatch of De Beaumont on October 18, 1622: - "The weightiest and most urgent affairs cannot drive this king to devote to them even a day, nay an hour, or to interrupt his gratifications. These consist in his betaking himself to a remote spot; where, out of the sight of men, he leads a filthy and scandalous life, and gives himself up to drinking and other vices-the very remembrance of which is sufficient to give horrible displeasure (deplait horriblement). It appears as if the more his strength wastes, the more these infamous passions increase; and passing from the body over the mind, assume double power."—Ibid., vol. ii. p. 274. The purpose of Buckingham, in thus fomenting the vices of the king, is shrewdly divined by De Beaumont in his despatch of the following February: "The king troubles himself nothing as to what men think of him, or what is to become of the kingdom after his death. I believe that a broken flask of wine, or a similar nothing, is nearer his heart than the ruin of his son-in-law and the misery of his posterity. And Buckingham confirms him in everything; and hopes that the more he abandons himself to all pleasures and to drunkenness, the weaker will be his understanding and spirit; and so much the easier he will be able to rule him by fear, when other ties of connection are dissolved."-Ibid., vol. ii. p. 276. Though, as Macaulay says, England was no place, the seventeenth century no time, for Sporus and Locusta-in James's court both found acceptance and protection. Osborne says that Somerset and Buckingham laboured to resemble women in the effeminacy of their dress, and exceeded even the worst and most shameless in the And Sir Anthony grossness of their gestures. Weldon assures us that, during Somerset's reign, the English lords coveting an English favourite to supplant him in the king's favour, "to that end the Countess of Suffolk did look out choice young men, whom she daily curled and perfumed their breath." Revolting as these practices appear to modern times, the authenticity of Weldon's statement is singularly confirmed by Mr. Forster in his recent work, the Life of Sir John Eliot : "Few things in this profligate time are more amusing (qu. disgusting?) than the attempt made by a rival party of lords to set up young Monson against Somerset."-"They made account to rise and recover their fortunes by setting up this new idol, and took great pains in tricking and pranking him up, besides washing his face (Letters in State Paper every day with posset curd Office, Feb. 28, 1617-18.)-"Young Monson's friends faint not for all the first foil, but set him on still." To such a height did these abominations proceed, and so notorious were they, that the public abhorrence found utterance even in the king's palace: some unknown band (but supposed to be Let me add a few more instances, which, though of somewhat ancient date, are sufficiently authenticated to appear worthy of record. 1. Right Rev. John Leslie, D.D., successively Bishop of the Isles in Scotland, and of Raphoe and Clogher in Ireland, born Oct. 14, 1571, in Aberdeenshire; eldest son of George Leslie of Crichie, by Margery, daughter of Patrick Leslie of Kincragie, and a cadet of the ancient baronial family of Balquhain in that county; A.M. of Aberdeen, and thence subsequently incorporated D.D. of the University of Oxford. After a long residence on the continent, in Spain, Italy, Germany, and France, he was on his return home, after an absence of twenty-two years, presented to the Rectory of St. Martin-le-Vintry in London, which preferment he resigned in Sept. 1628; nominated to the bishopric of the Isles in Scotland on Aug. 17, 1628, by King Charles I., and probably consecrated to that see in the month of September following. In 1633 he was translated to the bishopric of Raphoe pursuant to the king's letter of April 8, confirmed on June 1, and obtained a writ of restitution of the temporalities of the see on the 5th of that month. He also received letters of denization on June 1, 1633, and was admitted a member of the Privy Council in Ireland in the same year. After enduring much suffering during the great Rebellion, including the siege of his castle at Raphoe, he was rewarded for his loyalty at the Restoration, being presented to the deanery of Raphoe on Feb. 9, 1661, with license to hold it in commendam with the bishopric, which he did till autumn following. Translated to the see of Clogher by patents of June 17 and 27, 1661, and died in Sept. 1671, in the hundredth year of his age, and forty-fourth of his episcopate, at his seat of Glasslough, Castle Leslie, in the county of Monaghan. His remains were interred in St. Salvator's church there, which had been erected by himself, and made the parish church of Glasslough by Act of Parliament. The estate of this centenarian bishop is still possessed by his lineal male descendant, and his great-great Who was probably the ancientest bishop in the world," though he had certainly not been "above fifty years in that high order." grandson, John Leslie, was successively Bishop of Dromore and Elphin in the present century. 2. Right Rev. Murdo McKenzie, D.D., successively Bishop of Moray and of Orkney and Zetland, died at his episcopal palace at Kirkwall in Feb. 1688,"being near a hundred years old, and yet enjoyed the perfect use of all his faculties until the very last." (Keith's Scottish Bishops, p. 228.) This, however, is evidently a mistake, as it is stated at p. 152 of the same work, that he was born in the year 1600; descended from a younger branch of the house of Gairloch in Rosshire, his direct ancestor, Alexander (apparently grandfather), having been third son of John, second Baron of Gairloch, who died in 1550, by Agnes, only daughter of James Fraser of Foyers in the same county. The following data of this venerable prelate's Ecclesia Scoticana, may prove interesting:-A.M. ecclesiastical career, taken from my MS. Fasti of King's College and University of Aberdeen, 1616; received episcopal ordination, it is said, from Bishop Maxwell of Ross. But I would place it at an earlier date, probably about 1624, as that bishop was not consecrated till 1633, and Mr. McKenzie is recorded to have been chaplain to a Scotish regiment under Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, during the war in Germany, which must have been between June 1630, and Nov. 16, Lutzen in Saxony). 1632 (the period of his death in the battle of On his return to his native land, he was made Parson of Contin, a parish in Rosshire, the exact year I have not ascertained, but it must have been between 1633 and 1638, as he was a member of the famous Glasgow Assembly (which met on Nov. 21, 1638, and abolished the Established Church of Scotland), appearing on the roll as one of the clerical representatives of the Presbytery of Dingwall. Translated from Contin to Inverness, in 1640, as first minister of the collegiate charge of that town and parish. Admitted to the first charge of the town and parish of Elgin April 17, 1645, and retained that living after his elevation to the episcopate, having his residence there at the seat of the cathedral and chapter of the diocese of Moray, his successor as Parson of Elgin not having been appointed till July, 1682. dent that he conformed to Presbyterianism; and For nearly twenty-four years it is, therefore, evieven at Christmas, 1659, he is said to have been so zealous a Covenanter and "precisian," as to have opposed the keeping of all holy days at Elgin, and to have searched the houses in that town for any "Yule geese," as being superstitious! On the re-establishment of episcopacy by King Charles II., the Parson of Elgin, however, readily complied with the new order of things in Church and State; although, after all, it was only a return to the same form of church government in which he |