Society of London,' 'Astronomical Myths, Yorkshire Lias,' etc. (J. F. BL.) BLAKE, Prof. William Phipps, Ph.B.; Director School of Mines, University of Arizona, and territorial geologist of Arizona; author of Geological Reconnaissance of California,' 'Silver Ores and Silver Mines,' etc. (W. P. B.) BLÖNDAL, Sigfús, of the University Library, Copenhagen. (S. BL.) BLOUNT, Bertram, F.C.S., F.I.C.; consulting chemist to the Crown Agents for the Colonies; Hon. President Cement Section of International Assoc. for Testing Materials, Buda-Pesth. (B. BL) BLOWITZ, Henri Georges Stephane Adolphe Opper de; 'The Times correspondent in Paris; Professor of German at Tours, Limoges, Poitiers, and Marseilles; entered on service of "The Times,' July 1871; inaugurated constant telegraphic communications and obtained the concession from 9 P.M. to 3 A.M. of a special wire for 'The Times' from 9 May 1874; officer of the Legion of Honour; Doctor of Philosophy; officer of the Institute of France; author of 'Feuilles Volantes,' 'L'Allemagne et la Provence,' 'Le Mariage royal d'Espagne,' 'Une Course à Constantinople.' (DE B.) BLUNT, Capt. Charles Jasper, R.A.; Chief Ordnance Officer, Guernsey; served in the Chitral campaign, etc. (C. J. B.) BODLEY, John Edward Courtenay, M.A.; private secretary to President of Local Government Board, 1882-85; secretary to Royal Commission on Housing of the Working Classes, 1884-85; author of 'France': vol. i. "The Revolu

BOURNE, Henry Eldridge; Professor of History, College for Women, Western Reserve University, U.S. (H. E. B.) BOWER, Frederick Orpen, Sc.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.; Regius Professor of Botany, University of Glasgow, since 1885; author of A Course of Practical Instruction in Botany,' 'Practical Botany for Beginners,' etc. (F. O. B.) BOWLEY, A. L.; author of 'Elements of Statistics, Wages in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century,' etc. (A. L. Bo.) BOYD, Charles Walter, B.A. (Edin.); journalist; sometime private secretary in South Africa to Dr Jameson and Mr Cecil Rhodes. (C. W. B*.)

Trower.'

inentary System,' (French ed. 1901), 'L'Anglomanie et les traditions françaises.' (J. E. C. B.) BOLTZMANN, Ludwig; Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Vienna; Hon. Member Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin; author of Lectures on the Theory of Gas,' 'Lectures on Maxwell's Theory of Electricity and Light'; editor of 'Maxwell's Physical Forces.' (L. Bo.) BONAR, James, M.A., LL.D.; senior Examiner Civil Service Commission, Westminster; junior Examiner in H.M. Civil Service Commission, 1881; senior Examiner, ibidem, end of 1895; President of Section F of British Association, 1898; author of Malthus and his Work,' 'Ricardo's Letters to Malthus,' 'Philosophy and Political Economy,' 'Catalogue of Adam Smith's Library' (part), 'Ricardo's Letters to (J. B*.) BONNEY, Rev. Thomas George, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.; late Professor of Geology, University Coll. London; Hon. Canon of Man. chester; Fellow of St John's Coll. Camb.; Hulsean Lecturer (Camb.), 1884; President Geological Society, 1884-86; Boyle Lecturer, 1890-92; Rede Lecturer (Cainb.), 1892; VicePresident Royal Society, 1899; author of "The Alpine Regions,' 'The Story of our Planet,' 'Charles Lyell and Modern Geology,' 'IceWork, 'Volcanoes,' etc. (T. G. B.) BOSCO, Augustus; Professor of Statistics, University of Rome. (A. Bo.) BOULENGER, George A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.; assistant, Dept. of Zoology, Brit. Museum, since 1882; author of numerous works on Zoology. (G. A. B.) BOURCHIER, James David, M.A.; sometime Scholar of King s College, Cambridge; Correspondent of The Times at Athens. (J. D. B.) BOURGET, Paul, poet, critic, and novelist; member of French Academy since 1894; officer of the Legion of Honour, 1895; author of La Vie inquiète, 1874; Edel, 1878; Les Aveux, 1882; Essais de Psychologie, 1883; Nouveaux Essais de Psychologie, 1885; Etudes et Portraits, 1887; Pastels, 1889; Physiologie de l'Amour moderne, 1890; Sensations d'Italie, 1891; Nouveaux Pastels, 1891; Outre Mer, 1895; L'Irréparable, 1884; Cruelle Enigme, 1885; Un Crime d'Amour, 1886; André Cornélis, 1887; Mensonges, 1887; Le Disciple, 1889; Un cœur de femme, 1890; La Terre Promise, 1892; Cosmopolis, 1892; Un Scrupule, 1894; Un Idylle Tragique, 1896; Voyageuses, 1897; Recommencements, 1897; Complications Sentimentales, 1898; La Duchesse Bleue, 1898; Drames de Famille, 1900; Un Homme d'Affaires, 1900; Le Fantôme. (P. B*.) BOURNE, Gilbert Charles, M.A., D.Sc.,

F.L.S.; Fellow and Tutor of New Coll. Oxford; assistant to Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Oxford, 1887-88; Director, Marine Biological Association, United Kingdom, 18891890; assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 1892-1900; University Lecturer in Comparative Anatomy, 1898; author of various memoirs on Comparative Anatomy, an 'Introduction to Study of Comp. Anatomy of Animals,' articles and Ctenophora, in Lankester's (G. C. B.)

Anthozoa 'Zoology,' etc.

journalist; translator works.

BRABROOK, Edward William, C.B., F.S.A., V.P.S.S., V.P.R.S.L.; V.P. Royal Archæological Institute since 1900; Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies since 1891; President Anthropological Institute, 1895-97; President Folk-Lore Society, 1901; Foreign Associate, Society of Anthropology of Paris, 1901; author of 'Building Societies,' 'Friendly Societies,' 'Savings Banks' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.,' 'Provident Societies and Industrial Welfare,' 'History of Royal Society of Literature.' (E. W. B.) BRADFORD, John R., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.; member of Senate of University of London; physician to University Coll. Hospital London; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, University College, London; Professor Supt. of the Brown Institution; author of papers on medical and scientific subjects in Proc. Roy. Soc. and in Transactions of medical societies, etc. (J. R. B.) Anglo- Norwegian (H. L. B.) BRAMWELL, Capt. G. A.; School of Signalling, Aldershot; Deputy-Assistant-AdjutantGeneral for signalling. (G. A. BR.) BRANNER, John Casper, Prof., Ph.D., LL.D.; Geologist, Imperial Geolog. Commission, Brazil, 1875-1877; Agent U.S. Department of Agriculture in Brazil, 1882-83; acting President, Stanford University, U.S.A., 1898-99; Fellow of Geolog. Soc. of London and Société Géologique de France; member of various scientific societies of North and South America; author of numerous publications on Brazil. (J. C. BR.) BRANTLY, William Theophilus ; porter of the Maryland Court of Appeals; exsecretary of State of Maryland; author of Maryland' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Law of Personal Property.' (W. T. B.) BRASSEY, Lord, 1st Baron, K.C.B., D.C.L.; Knight of St John of Jerusalem; Commander of Legion of Honour, 1889; President Statistical Society, 1879-80; Civil Lord of Admiralty, 1880-S3; Secretary to Admiralty, 1883-85; Chairman of Opium Commission; President of the Institution of Naval Architects, 1893-95; Governor of Victoria, 1895-1900; author of 'Work and Wages,' 'Naval Annual,' 'British Navy,' 'British Seamen,' 'British Work and Foreign Wages,' etc. (BR.) BRETT, Michael, Barrister, Middle Temple. (M. BT.) BRICKDALE, C. Fortescue, Barrister,

re

etc.

BROWNE, Edward Granville, M.A., M.B.; Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and Professor of Persian; editor of The Episode of the Bab,' etc. (E. G. B.) BROWNLOW, Rt. Rev. William Robert [the late], D.D., M.A., R.C. Bishop of Clifton; provost, and domestic prelate to Pope Leo XIII.; co-editor of 'English Roma Sotterranea'; author of 'Early Christian Symbolism'; Memoirs of Melise Brownlow, Sir James Marshall, and Mother Rose Columba Adams, O.P.; Lectures on Slavery and Serfdom, on Church History, on Sacerdotalism, on the Catacombs, and other Archæological subjects; translation of 'Cur Deus Homo,' and 'Vitis Mystica.' (+ W. R. B.) BRUNTON, Sir Thomas Lauder, M.D., Sc. D., LL.D. (Edin. and Aberd.), F.R.S.; physician to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; author of The Bible and Science,' 'Text-Book of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica,' 'Disorders of Digestion,' 'Lectures on the Action of Medicines.' (T. L.B.) BRYAN, George Hartley, Sc.D., F.R.S.; Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics in the University College of North Wales; Fellow of Peterhouse, 1889-95; gold medal Inst. Naval Architects, 1901. (G. H. BR.) BRYANT, Hon. Edgar E., LL.D.; Justice of the Circuit Court of Arkansas, 1890-97; author of 'Speeches and Addresses, etc. (E. E. B.) BRYCE, Rt. Hon. James, P.C., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., M.P.'; Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford, 1870; Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1886; Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster (with seat in Cabinet), 1892; President of Board of Trade, 1894; Chairman of Royal Commission on Secondary Education, 1894; member of Senate of London University, 1893; corresponding member of Institute of France, 1891; foreign member of Royal Academies of Turin and Brussels, 1896; corresponding member of Società Romana di Storia Patria, 1885; honorary Fellow of Trinity and Oriel Colleges, Oxford; president of the Alpine Club; author of 'Emperor and Empire,' 'Justinian,' 'Procopius,' Theodora,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.,' 'The Holy Roman Empire,' 'The Trade Marks Registration Act,' 'Transcaucasia and Ararat,' 'The American Commonwealth,' 'Impressions of South Africa,' (J. BR.) BRYDON, J. M., the late; architect; designed various Government Offices, Chelsea Town Hall and Polytechnic, Bath Municipal Buildings, etc. (J. M. BY.) BUCHANAN, John Young, M.A., F.R.S.; chemist and physicist of the 'Challenger' Expedition; later, Lecturer in Geography, University of Cambridge; author of Lake,' 'Mediterranean,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. (J. Y. B.) BUCKLEY, Rev. James Monroe, D.D., LL.D.; editor of The Christian Advocate (New York); author of 'Travels in three Continents, Faith Healing, Christian Science and Kindred Phenomena," "Supposed Miracles,' etc. (J. M. BU.) BÜRDE, Lieut. Johannes, late of the German army, 51st Infantry Regiment; author of 'Problems of Applied Tactics, with Solutions,' 'Tactical Problems,' etc. (J. BE.) BURDETT, Sir Henry, K.C.B.; founder and editor of the 'Hospital'; late superintendent of the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, and of the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich; late secretary Share and Loan Department, London Stock Exchange; author of 'Burdett's Official Intelligence of British, American, and Foreign Securities,' 'The National Debt,' 'Local Taxation in England and Wales,' 'The Patriotic Fund,''Hospitals and Asylums of the World,' "The Relative Mortality of Large and Small Hospitals,'' Burdett's Hospitals and Charities, a Year-book of Philanthropy,' 'Hospitals and the State,' 'Unhealthiness of Public Institutions,' 'A Practical Scheme for Old Age Pensions,' 'The Registration of Nurses,' 'The Nursing Profession, how and where to Train,' 'Housing of the Poor,' etc. (H. Br.) BURN, Rev. A. E., B.D.; Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Lichfield; author of 'The Athanasian Creed,' 'An Introduction to the Creeds and to the Te Deum,' etc. (A. E. B.) Rev. (F. BY.) BURNSIDE, Frederick, M.A.; Hon. Canon St Albans; Rural Dean of Hertford; Hon. editor of the 'Official Year - Book of the Church of England'; compiler of 'The Official Parochial Register of Church Services,' etc. (F. BU.) BURNSIDE, William, M.A., F.R.S.; Professor of Mathematics, Royal Naval College, Greenwich. (W. BU.) BURROUGHS, John, author of 'Wake Robin, 'Signs and Seasons,' 'Birds and

Lincoln's Inn; author of 'The Law and Prac. tice regarding the Registration of Deeds in the County of Middlesex,' 'Notes on Land Transfer,' Registration of Title to Land,' part author of 'The Land Transfer Acts, 1875 and 1897,' etc. (C. F. BR.) BRIDGE, Vice-Admiral Sir Cyprian Arthur George, K.C.B.; Commander-inChief, China station; member of Committee on Heavy Guns, 1878; of War Office Committee on Machine Guns, 1879; of Ordnance Committee, 1881; Director of Naval Intelligence, 1889-94; Commander-in-Chief Australian station, 1895-98; author of 'Signals' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (C. A. G. B.) BRIGHTMAN, Rev. Frank Edward, M.A.; Chaplain Univ. Coll. Oxford, 1884-87; Pusey Librarian, 1884; author of 'What Objections have been made to English Orders?'; editor of 'Liturgies Eastern and Western,' 'The Oxford Library of Practical Knowledge,' etc. (F. E. BR.)

BRINKLEY, Capt. F., R.A.; proprietor and editor of the Japan Mail,' Yokohama; edited 'Japan'; translated 'The History of Japan'; compiled An Unabridged Japanese and English Dictionary,' etc.

BROADFOOT, Major William, R.E.; author of the Badminton Billiards"; edited 'Career of Major George Broadfoot, C.B., in Afghanistan and the Punjaub,' etc. (W. BR.) BROOME, Lady, widow of the late Sir F. Napier Broome, Governor of West Australia; author of 'Station Life in New Zealand,' etc. (M. A. B.) BROOMHALL, G. J. S., editor of Corn Trade Year-Book,' etc. (G. J. S. B.)

Brit.'

(J. C. R. C.)

Coll., London; Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of St Albans; author of The English Reformation and its Consequences,' The Nature and Force of the Common Law, Unity, Catholic and Papal,' etc. (W. E. C.) COLOMB, Sir John Charles Ready, K.C.M.G., M.P.; author of 'Protection of Commerce in War,' 'Imperial Strategy, The Distribution of our War Forces,' Colonial Defence and Colonial Opinions,' "The Defence of Great and Greater Britain,''Naval Intelligence and Protection of Commerce, The Use and Application of Marine Forces,' 'Imperial Federation, Naval and Military,' 'British Defence,' etc. COLVIN, Sir Auckland, K.C.S.I., K.C.M.G., C.I.E.; Grand Cordons of Osinanieh and Medjidich; Comptroller-Gen. Egypt; Financial Adviser to Khedive; Financial member of Viceroy's Council, India; Lieut.-Gov. NorthWest Provinces and Oudh; author of 'John Russell Colvin,' etc. (A. Co.) COLYAR, H. A. de; of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law; author of 'Law of Guarantees.' (H. A. DE C.) COMSTOCK, Brig.-Gen. Cyrus Ballon: U.S.A., retired; Board of Engineers for Fortifications, U.S. Army; chief engineer, Army of the Potomac, 1862-63; President of the Mississippi River Commission; author of 'Primary Triangulation of the U.S. Lake Survey.' (C. B. C.) CONATY, Right Rev. Bishop Thomas James, S.T.D., J.C.D.; Rector of the Catholic University of America. (+ T. J. C.) CONWAY, Sir William Martin, M.A.; Slade Professor of Fine Arts, Cambridge; Professor of Art, Univ. Coll. Liverpool, 1885-SS; Hon. Sec. Art Congress, 188S-90; President of the Alpine Club; author of 'Dawn of Art in the Ancient World,' a series of Climbers' Guidebooks to the Pennine and Lepontine Alps, etc., 'Climbing and Exploration in the KarakoramHimalayas,' 'The Alps from End to End,' 'The First Crossing of Spitsbergen,' 'With Ski and Sledge over Arctic Glaciers,' 'The Bolivian Andes.' (W. M. C.) COOK, Theodore Andrea, M.A., F.S.A.; author of 'Old Touraine,' 'Rouen,' A History of the English Turf,' joint-author of 'IceSports.' (T. A. Co.) COOKE, Charles Wallwyn Radcliffe-, B.A.; author of A Treatise on the Agricultural Holdings (England) Act,' 'Four Years in Parliament with Hard Labour,' 'A Book about Cider and Perry'; President, National Association of English Cider-makers. (C. W. R. C.) COOLIDGE, Rev. William Augustus Brevoort, M.A., F.R.G.S.; Fellow of Mag. dalen College, Oxford; Professor of English History, St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-81; Corresponding Member of the Swiss Hist. Society, 1891; author of 'Jura,' 'Switzerland' (History, Geography, and Statistics), 'Tell,' 'Valais, 'Zurich in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.'; joint author of 'Guide du Haut Danphiné, Guide to the Central Alps of the Dauphiny,' 'Guide to the Lepontine Alps,' 'The Mountains of Cogne,' 'The Adula Alps,' "The Range of the Tödi,''Guide to Grindelwald,'' Guide to Switzerland'; editor of Alpine Journal,' 1880-89. (W. A. B. C.) COPEMAN, Sydney Monckton, M.A., M.D.; Medical Inspector, Local Government Board; Member of the Council Epidemiological Society; author of 'Vaccination: its Natural History and Pathology,' 'Bacteriology of Vaccine Lymph,' etc. (S. M. C.) CORRADINI, Enrico; late editor of 'La Naziona,' Florence; author of 'La Civia Romanzo,' etc. (E. Co.) COTTON, James Sutherland, M.A.; Hon. Secretary of the Egypt Exploration Fund; late editor of 'The Academy,' London; Fellow and Lecturer of Queen's Coll. Oxford; author of 'Warren Hastings' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Decennial Report on the Moral and Material Progress of India,' 'India,' 'Elphinstone, Quinquennial Report on Education in India'; editor of 'Paterson's Practical Statutes,' 'The Official Gazetteer of India.' (J. S. Co.)

COX, General Jacob Dolson, LL.D., the late; Governor of the State of Ohio (1866-67); U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1869-70); Major. General U.S. Volunteers in, the Civil War; Brigade-Commander under General Sherman in the Atlanta campaign; author of Atlanta: the March to the Sea,' 'Battle of Franklin,' etc. (J. D. Co.) Montague Hughes, K.C., D.C.L.; late member General Council of the Bar and Council of Legal Education; late Chairman Incorporated Council of Law Reporting; Honorary Fellow St John's

CRACKANTHORPE,

same

Coll. Oxford; representative of General Council of Bar at International Congress of Advocates, Brussels, 1897; representative of the Council at International Congress of the Société de Législation Comparée, Paris, 1900; acting Chairman of the International Commission on Criminal Sentences; author of many legal, social, and political articles. (M. H. C.) CRAIES, W. F.; Barrister, Inner Temple; edited A Collection of Statutes relating to Criminal Law,' A Treatise on the construction and effect of Statute Law,' 'The Laws of Insurance,' etc. (W. F. C.)

CRANE, Walter, A.R.W.S.; silver medal,

·

Paris, 1889; silver medal, Society of Arts; gold medal, Munich, 1895; first and present President Arts and Crafts Ex. Society (England), 1888; member of Council of Art, Board of Education, and examiner in Design; Hon. Member Dresden Academy of Fine Arts; appointed British Commissioner for the Turin International Exhibition of Decorative Art, 1902; Director of Design, Manchester Municipal School of Art, from 1893-96 (resigned); Hon. Art Director, Reading College, 1898; Principal of the Royal College of Art, South Kensington, 1898-99 (resigned); author and illustrator of 'Baby's Opera, Baby's Banquet,''The Sirens Three, Flora's Feast,'Queen Summer, Claims of Decorative Art,' 'Renascence, 1891, Decorative Illustration of Books,' 'Spenser's Fairie Queene,' 'The Shepherd's Calendar,' 'Line and Form,' 'A Masque of Days,' etc. (W. CR.) CRAWFORD, Francis Marion; author of many novels, including 'Mr Isaacs,' and 'Saracinesca'; and of 'Ave Roma Immortalis, Life of Pope Leo XII.,' 'Constantinople,' etc. (M. CR.) CREAK, Capt. Ettrick William, R.N., C.B., F.R.S.; late Superintendent of Compasses, Hydrographic Department, Admiralty, London. (E. W. C.) CREIGHTON, Charles, M.A., M.D. Aberdeen; author of 'History of Epidemics in Britain,' 'Jenner and Vaccination, etc. (C. C.) CREWE, Earl of, P.C., M.A., F.S.A.; President of the Literary Fund; assist. priv. sec. to Sec. for Foreign Affairs, 1883-84; Lord-Lieut. of Ireland, 1892-95; author of 'Stray Verses,' articles on Ireland, etc. (C.) CRIMP, Santo, M.I.C.E.; the late; author of 'Sewage Disposal Works'; joint author of 'Tables and Diagrams for use in designing sewers and water mains,' etc. (S. CR.) CRITCHELL, James Troubridge; London Correspondent of the 'Brisbane Courier,' 'North Queensland Herald,' etc.; author of 'Preliminary Enquiry into the Markets of the European Continent,''Guide to Queensland,' etc. (J.T.CR.) CROOKES, Sir William, F.R.S.; Past Pre

sident of the Chemical Society, Great Britain;
Past President of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers; editor of 'Chemical News,' President
of the British Association for the Advancement
of Science, 1898; editor of 'Quarterly Journal
of Science'; Professor of Chemistry, Training
Coll., Chester, 1855; author of 'Assaying' in
Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.'; 'Select Methods
in Chemical Analysis, Manufacture of Beetroot-
Sugar in England,' 'Handbook of Dyeing and
Calico-Printing,' 'Dyeing and Tissue Printing,'
'Kerl's Treatise on Metallurgy,' with Ernst
Rohrig, Wagner's Chemical Technology,' 'Auer-
bach's Anthracen and its Derivatives,' 'Ville's
Artificial Manures,' A Solution of the Sewage
Question,' 'The Profitable Disposal of Sewage,'
"The Wheat Problem,' etc.
(W. C.)

tribution to the Geology and Petrography of Bathurst,' etc. (J. M. CU.)

D

DABNEY, Charles William, Ph.D.; Pres. Univ. of Tennessee; assistant U.S. Secretary Agriculture, 1893-97, etc. (C. W. D.) DABNEY, Richard Heath, A.M., Ph.D.; Professor of Historical and Economical Science, University of Virginia; author of 'The Causes of the French Revolution,' 'John Randolph : a Character Sketch.' (R. H. D.) DALBY, W. Ernest, M.A., B.Sc., M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E., Assoc. M.I. Nav. Architects; Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, City and Guilds Technical College, Finsbury. (W. E. D.)

DALE, T. F.; author of 'The Game of Polo, part-editor of 'Riding and Polo.' (T. F. D.) DALL, Hon. William Healey, A.M. ; naturalist, U.S. National Museum; author of Alaska and its Resources,' 'Tribes of the Extreme North-west,' etc. (W. H. D.) DALLAS, J. M. M.; late Secretary of the Edinburgh Draughts Club. (J. M. M. D.) DANNREUTHER, Edward, Professor Royal Coll. Mus; author of Musical Ornamentation,' 'Liszt's Études,' 'Richard Wagner.' (E. DA.) DARWIN, George Howard, M.A., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.; Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, Cambridge; Fellow of Trin. Coll. Camb. ; author of 'Tides,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' 'Reports to B.A. on Harmonic Analysis of Tidal Observa'Memoirs on tions,' the Effects of Tidal Friction on the Earth and on the Moon,' Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., The Tides and Kindred Phenomena in the Solar System,' etc. (G. H.D.) DARWIN, Leonard, Major, late R. E.; Intelligence Dept. War Office, 1885-90; served on several scientific expeditions, including Transit of Venus of 1874 and 1882; author of 'Bi-metallism.' (L. D.) DAVENPORT, Cyril James H., F.S.A.; British Museum; silver medal Society of Arts, 1900; binding editor to the Anglo-Saxon Review; author of 'The English Regalia,' 'Royal English Bookbindings,' Cantor Lectures_on Decorative Bookbindings, English Embroidered Bookbindings,' Life of T. Berthelet. (C. D.) DAVEY of Fernhurst, Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S.; Lord of Appeal in Ordinary; Solicitor-General, 1886; Lord Justice of Appeal, 1893. (D.) DAVIDS, T. W. Rhys, LL.D., Ph.D.; Secretary and Librarian Royal Asiatic Society; Professor of Pali and Buddhist Literature, Univ. Coll. London; author of 'Buddhism,' 'Jains,' 'Lamaism,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit., Buddhism,' 'Buddhist Birth Stories,' 'Buddhist Suttas from the Pali,' 'Hibbert Lectures,' 1881, etc. (T. W. R.D.)

DAVIDSON, William Leslie, M.A., LL.D.; Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, Aberdeen University; author of English Words Explained, Theism as grounded in Human Nature,'A Philosophical Centenary: Reid and Campbell,''Christian Ethics.' (W. L. D.) DAVIES, A. Llewelyn, B.A.; Barrister, Inner Temple; Assistant Reader in Common Law under the Council of Legal Education. (A. LL. D.)

(Camb.), A.R.C.M. (Lond.); organist and director of the choir, Temple Church, London; formerly organist and choirinaster, St Anne's, Soho ; teacher of counterpoint, R.C.M., (H. W. D.)

1895.

DAVIS, John Patterson, Ph.D., A.M. ; assistant in History and Economics, University of Michigan, 1894-1895; now Attorney-at-Law, Nampa, Idaho; author of 'The Union Pacific Railway,' etc. (J. P. D.) DAVIS, William Morris, Professor Physical Geography, Harvard University; author of 'Physical Geography' and numerous scientific publications. (W. M. D.)

DAWKINS, William Boyd, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., A.M.I.C.E.; Professor of Geol. and Palæontology in Owens College, Manchester; geologist on Geological Survey of Great Britain, 1861-69; author of 'Cave' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,''Cave Hunting,' 'Early Man in Britain,' 'British Pleistocene Mainmalia.' (W. B. D.) DAWSON, George Mercer, LL.D., F.R.S., the late; Director Geological Survey of Canada; Geologist and Naturalist to H.M. North American Boundary Commission, 1873-75; one of

Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1881-84; at King's College, 1882-86; Principal of St David's College, Lampeter, 1886-88; Professorial Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1888; examining chaplain to late Bishop of St Asaph, 1887-89, and to Bishop of Ripon, 1889; Hon. Canon of Ripon, 1895; Chaplain to the Queen, 1898-1901; Hulsean Professor of Divinity, Cambridge University, 1887-1901, and President of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1896-1901; author of 'The Canon of the Old Testament,' 'The Early Narratives of Genesis,' 'Commentary on Ezra and Nehemiah,' 'Philo and Holy Scripture,' (H. E. E.)

etc.

dent R.I.

F

FAIRBAIRN, Andrew Martin, M.A., D.D., LL.D.; Principal Mansfield Coll. Oxford; Principal of Airedale Coll. 1877-1886; Chairman of Congregational Union of England and Wales, 1883; Member of Royal Commission on Secondary Education, 1894-95; author of 'Arminius,' 'Independents,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Studies in the Life of Christ,' 'The City of God,' 'Religion in History and in Modern Life, Catholicism, Roman and Anglican,' 'The Philosophy of the Christian Religion,' etc. (A. M. F.) FAIRBROTHER, William Henry, M.A., Lecturer in Philosophy, Lincoln College, Oxford; author of 'Philosophy of Thomas Hill Green.' (W. H. F*.) FAIRLIE, John A., Ph.D.; Asst. Prof. of Administrative Law, Univ. of Michigan; author of 'Municipal Government.' (J. A. FA.) FARMER, John Bretland, M.A., F.R.S.; Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, London; Demonstrator of Botany, University of Oxford, 1887-92; Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1889; Assistant Professor of Biology, 1892-95; author of 'Memoirs, chiefly Botanical and Cytological.' (J. B. F.) FARRAR, Very Rev. Frederic William, D.D., F.R.S.; Dean of Canterbury; Hulseau Lecturer at Cambridge; Bampton Lecturer at Oxford; Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons, 1890-95; author of 'Jesus Christ' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'The Life of Christ,' 'The Life of St Paul,' 'The Early Days of Christianity,' 'Darkness and Dawn,' "The Bible, its Meaning and Supremacy, etc. (F. W. F.) FAUNCE, W. H. P., A.M., D.D.; Presiof Brown University, Providence, (W. H. P. F.) Hall, Lon(G. FA.) FERGUSON, J.; editor of the Ceylon Observer,' "Tropical Agriculturist,' etc.; author of 'Handbook to Ceylon,' manuals on Coffee, Tea, Gold, Gems, etc. (J. F.) FERRERO, Baron Augusto; editor of 'La Tribuna, Rome; author of 'Nostalgie d'Amore' edited From Florence to Rome: A Political Diary of 1870-71,' etc. (A. FE.) FFOULKES, Miss C. Jocelyn; translator of Morelli's Italian Painters,' etc. (C. J. F.) FIDLER, H.; Civil Engineer, head of Technical Staff Department of Civil Engineer-in-Chief, Admiralty; editor of 'A Manual of Construction,' etc. (H. F.) FIELD, Capt. A. Mostyn, R.N.; F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., F.R.Met.S.; has worked for the Hydrographic Survey in various parts of the world. (A. M. F*.) FILON, Pierre Marie Augustin; agrégé és lettres; French Critic; tutor to the late Prince Imperial; literary editor of the 'Revue Bleue'; author of Le Mariage de Londres,' 'Histoire de la Littérature Anglais,' 'English Profiles,' and works on the French and English drama. (A. FI.) FISHER, Alexander; English teacher and specialist in the art of enamelling; author of technical articles in the 'Magazine of Art,' the 'Studio,' etc. (A. FI*.) FISHER, George Park, D.D., LL.D.; Professor of Ecclesiastical History,' Yale; author of "The Reformation,' History of the Christian (G. P. F.) Church,' 'The Colonial Era,' etc. FISKE, John, LL.D., the late; author of 'Discovery of America,' American Revolution, The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War,' 'Cosmic Philosophy,' etc. (J. FI.) FITCH, Charles H., in charge of the Indian Territory Sectión, U.S. Geological Survey. (C. H. F.) FITCH, Sir Joshua Girling, M.A., LL.D.: Chief Inspector of Training Colleges, retired 1894; H.M. Inspector of Schools, 1863; Chevalier of the Legion of Honour; Governor of St Paul's School, London, and Girton College, Cambridge; author of Lectures on Teaching," The Arnolds

FAUR, G., of the Egyptian don.

·

and their Influence on English Education,' 'Educational Aims and Methods.' (J. G. F.) FITZGERALD, Vice-Adml. Charles Cooper Penrose; Superintendent, Pembroke Dockyard; second in command of the China Station, 1898-1899; author of 'Boat Sailing,' 'Life of Sir George Tryon.' (O. C. P. F.) FITZGERALD, J. D. (J. D. F.) FITZMAURICE-KELLY, James; corresponding member of the Spanish Academy author of A History of Spanish Literature,' 'The Life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra,' etc. (J. F.-K.) FLEMING, C. J. N., B.A.; Scottish International Football Player; member of Committee of Scottish Rugby Football Union. (C. J. N. F.) FLEMING, John Ambrose, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.; Pender Professor of Electrical Engineering, Univ. College, London; Fellow of Univ. Coll. London; author of Treatise on the Alternate Current Transformer,' 'Electric Lamps and Electric Lighting,' 'Magnets and Electric Currents,' 'A Handbook for the Electrical (J. A. F.) Laboratory and Testing Room.' FOOTE, Arthur De Wint; Superintendent of North Star Mining Company, California; Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. (A. DE W. F.) FORBES, Dr H. O., LL.D., F.R.G.S.; Director of Museums, Liverpool; author of A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago,' etc. (H. O. F.) FORD, Worthington Chauncey, Public Library, Boston, U.S.A.; Chief of Bureau of Statistics, U.S. Departinent of State, 1885-89, and of Bureau of Statistics, U.S. Treasury Department, 1893-98; author of 'American Citizen's Manual,' etc. (W. C. F.) FORD, W. J., M.A.; author of 'A Cricketer (W. J. F.) Professor of FORTIER, Alcée, Litt.D.; Romance Language, Tulane University, New Orleans; sometime President of the Modern Language Association of America, and of the American Folk-Lore Society; President of the Louisiana Historical Society since 1894; author of 'Louisiana Studies,' 'Louisiana Folk Tales,'

on Cricket.'

etc.

Court, Chancery Division, 1877-83; Lord Justice of Appeal, 1883-92; Fellow University of London and Univ. Coll. London; Hon. Fellow of Balliol Coll. Oxford; presided over the Royal Commission on the Irish Land Acts, 1897-98; author of 'Quakers' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'The Specific Performance of Contracts,' British Mosses,' 'James Hack Tuke,' etc. (E. F.) FULTON, Robert Burwell, A.M., LL.D.; Chancellor of the University of Mississippi; author of 'Mississippi, State' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (R. B. F.)

G

FOSTER, Clement Le Neve, B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.; Professor of Mining at Royal School of Mines, London; Examiner in Mining for the Board of Education; Geological Survey of Great Britain, 1860-65; H.M. Inspector of Mines, 1873-1901; author of 'Mining in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Ore and Stone Mining,' etc. (C. L. N. F.) FOSTER, Hon. John Watson, LL.D.; ex-U.S. Minister to Mexico, Russia, and Spain; U.S. Secretary of State 1892-93, and Agent of the United States in the Behring Sea Arbitration. (J. W. Fo.) FOSTER, Sir Michael, D.C.L., D.Sc., LL.D., K.C.B., F.R.S., M.P.; Professor of Physiology, Cambridge; secretary R.S.; President British Ass., 1899; author of 'Physiology in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Text-Book of Physiology,' 'Lectures on History of Physi ology'; joint-editor of 'Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley,' etc. (M. F.) FOWLER, G. H., Ph.D. Leipsic; late Hon. Secretary, Marine Biological Association, Plymouth; edited The Hydromedusa,' and The Leptomedusa,' Marshall's 'The Frog,' Erichson's 'Scientific Progress in Entomology." (G. H. Fo.) FOX, Francis, M.I.C.E.; author of 'On the

head

Résults of Trials of Varieties of Iron Permanent Way,' and various papers on 'Ventilation, Tunnelling,' etc. (F. Fo.) FOX, Major; of London Salvage Corps. (F. J. F.) FRANKLIN, Fabian, Ph.D.; editor of 'Baltimore News,' Baltimore, U.S.A.; formerly Professor of Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University. (F. FR.) FRANTZ, Henri; art critic, 'Gazette des Beaux Arts,' Paris. (H. FR.) FREAM, William, LL.D., F.G.S. F.L.S., F.S.S.; Lecturer on Agricultural Entomology, Edin. Univ.; author of 'Elements of Agriculture,''Soils and their Properties,' 'The Complete Grazier,' etc. (W. FR.) FREEMANTLE, Commander S., R.N.; part author of 'Nautical Terms and Phrases in French and English,' etc. (S. FR.) FRERE, Rev. Walter Howard, M.A.; Superior of the Community of the Resurrection; author of A New History of the Book of Common Prayer,' 'Notes on the Early History of the Use of Incense'; editor 'Bibliotheca Musico-Liturgica,' 'The Marian Reaction,' (W. H. F.) FRY, Rt. Hon. Sir Edward, B.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.L.S.; Judge of High

etc.

་

fessor of Archæology, University College, London; Director of British School of Archæology at Athens, 1887-95; author of 'Handbook of Greek Sculpture,' 'Journal of Hellenic Studies,' many articles on Greek art, archæology, and excavations, from 1882; joint-editor of the 'Journal of Hellenic Studies since 1897. (E. GR.) GARDNER, J. Starkie, English Iron Worker and Expert; author of ' English Enamels,' 'Ironwork,' Armour in England,' etc. (J. S. G.) GARDNER, Percy, Litt.D., F.S.A.; Linc. and Merton Professor of Classical Archaeology, Oxford University; Corresp. Member of the Academy of Sciences, Göttingen; Member of the Archæological Institutes of Germany, Austria, America, Greece, etc.; Assistant at British Museum, 1871; Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1872; Disney Professor of Archæology, Cambridge, 1880; editor of 'Journal of Hellenic Studies'; author of 'Corinth,' 'Ephesus,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'The Parthian Coinage,' 'Samos and Samian Coins,' 'Types of Greek Coins,' 'Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias,''New Chapters in Greek History,' 'Manual of Greek Antiquities' (with Mr. Jevons), 'Sculptured Tombs of Hellas,' etc. (P. G.) GARNETT, Richard, LL.D., C.B.; Assistant in Library of British Museum, 1851; Superintendent of Reading Room, 1875; Keeper of Printed Books, 1890-1899; edited the British Museum Catalogue from 1881 to 1890; author of Alexander VI.,' 'Anthology,' 'Augustan History,' 'Byzantine Historians,' 'Chateaubriand, 'Hazlitt,' 'Leigh Hunt,' etc., in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Relics of Shelley,' 'Life of Carlyle,' 'Life of Emerson,' 'Twilight of the Gods,' 'Life of Milton,' 'Age of Dryden,' 'William Blake,' 'A History of Italian Literature,' 'Life of Edward Gibbon Wakefield.' (R. G.) GARNETT, William, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Durham; Sec. Technical Education Board, London Co. Council; Whitworth Scholar (first); Demonstrator in Physics, Cambridge; Prof. of Math., Physics and Mechanics, University Coll., Nottingham; Principal, Durham Coll. of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; author of 'Dynamics,' 'Energy,' 'Evaporation,' 'Hydrometer' in the Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Elementary Dynamics,' 'Elementary Mechanics,' etc. (W. G.) GARSTANG, Walter, M.A., F.Z.S.; late Fellow of Lincoln Coll., Oxford; Naturalist in charge of Fishery Investigations, Marine Biol.