CONTAINING RULES OF SYNTAX AND MODELS FOR ANALYZING AND TRANSPOSING; TOGETHER WITH SELECTIONS OF PROSE AND POETRY FROM WRITERS OF STANDARD AUTHORITY. BY ALLEN H. WELD, A. M. FIFTEENTH EDITION HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1848. Entered according to Act of Carstens, in the year 1847, by ALLEN H. WELD, in the Clerk's Othce of the District Court of Maino. SYNOPSIS OF GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS. See Gram. Q$ 35, 36, 37, 28, 34, or Parsing Book, pages 5, 6. PREDICATE. MODIFIERS OF THE PREDICATE, The PREDICATE of a The Modifiers of the predicate may plete an assertion. rarely an adjective. The Subject, whose meaning is modified by one or more words, The Predicate, whinse meaning is modified by one or more words, is called the MODIFIED (or logical) SUBJECT. is called the MODIFIED (or logical) PREDICATE. He, SIMPLE SENTENCES. MODIFIED PREDICATES. PREDICATE. MODIFIERS OF THE PRED. Ferdinand, the king, held a council at Cordova. the marquis of Cadiz, beheld from a distance, the peril of the king. is the privilege of the good. is evident from your own admission. Evergreens only, among the trecs, look verdant, in the winter. An, called an article, is derived from a Saxon word. so fair and beautiful to-day, may wither and fade to-morrow. Those, who are obliging, to be accommodated. The rose, may expect MODIFICATION OF WORDS. NOUN OR PRONOUN. VERB OR PARTICIPLE. ADJECTIVE. ADVERB. A noun or pronoun may be modified A verb or participle may be mod An adjective may be An adverb may be modifier 1. By a noun in apposition; as, George, ified modified 1. By another adverb; as, Most the king, 1. By a noun in the ohjective case, 1. By an adverb; as, Very assuredly. 2 By an adjective; as, A tall mast. if the verb is transitive; as, The rich. 2. By a preposition with its ob3. By a preposition with its object (ad sun gives light. 2. By a verb in the infini ject (adjunct); as, Agreea- 2. By a verb in the infinitive; as, tive; as, Pleasant to bly to nature, most of all, behold. PREPOSITION. as, I walk in the grove. object; as, True to nature. A preposition may be modified 6. By a relative clause; as, I, who speak 4. By a clause; as, I hope that you || 4. By another adjective; 1. By an adverb; as, For beroith you. are well, as, Deep blue; Liver yond. 7. Rarely by an adverb; as, Not my feet 5. By an adjective; as, The wind pool deep blue earthen 2. By a noun in the objective only. blows fresh. pitchers. case; as, Over the hills. COMPOUND SENTENCES. A Compound Sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by connectives. CONNECTIVES are, 1. Conjunctions ; 2. Conjunctive Adverbs ; 3. Relative words. See Gram. $ 112, or Parsing Book, pages 6, 7. ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES. CLASSIFICATION OF SEN. TENCES. 2. Interrogative; as, Do you write? truth. 4. Subjunctive; as, If it rains, father! NOUNS INDEPENDENT. Nouns which have no grammatical connection with the subject or predicate of a sentence, are said to be independent; as, O virtue ! PREFACE. The selections which compose the body of the following work are so arranged as to constitute a gradual course of Exercises in Analyzing and Parsing. The Rules of Syntax are taken from WELD's English GRAMMAR by permission of the Publishers, and to these rules, and also to the Grammar from which they are taken, references are occasionally made, to assist the learner in explaining idiomatic or difficult pas sages. As the extracts are from some of the most accomplished and approved writers, the Ornaments of style, Figures of Rhetoric and Scanning, may be profitably attended to by advanced classes. The book may be used by learners in almost any stage of attainment after the elementary principles of Grammar are understood. The work is designed to take the place of Pope's Essay, Thomson's Seasons, Young's Night Thoughts, and other entire poems, which are used as parsing books in Schools. A variety in the selections, it is believed, will be more profitable and interesting to the learner, than any single work can be, which exhibits no gradation in style, and the peculiarities of one writer only. A. H. W. RULES OF SYNTAX. 1. Syntax treats of sentences, and teaches the proper construction of words in forming them. CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES. Sentences are of four kinds, declaratory, imperative, interrogative and conditional. A declaratory sentence is one in which any thing is simply affirıned or denied of a subject; as, 'Time flies; he will not understaud. An imperative sentence is one in which a command is expressed; as, Buy the truth, and sell it not. An interrogative sentence is one in which a question is asked; as, Who hath believed our report? A conditional sentence is one in which something contirigent or hypothetical is expressed; as, If it rains; though he slay me. Sentences are either simple or compound. A simple senlence consists of but one proposition; a compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences. The simple propositions which make up a compound sentence, are called clauses or members. The leading clause is one on which the other members depend. A dependent clause is one which makes complete sense only in connection with another clause. SIMPLE SENTENCES. A simple sentence contains only one subject or nominative, and one predicate. |
