THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS |
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Page 22
... One great body reaches . central Europe by way of the Danube from the shores of the Black Sea ; another ascends the Rhone Valley from the Gulf of Lyons . India and China . - In the peninsula of India 22 [ PART I. DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION .
... One great body reaches . central Europe by way of the Danube from the shores of the Black Sea ; another ascends the Rhone Valley from the Gulf of Lyons . India and China . - In the peninsula of India 22 [ PART I. DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION .
Page 23
... central India , mingling with the sedentary birds of the oriental fauna , and give to the orni- thology of Hindostan at this season quite a European aspect . The peculiar species of the higher Himalayas do not as a rule descend to the ...
... central India , mingling with the sedentary birds of the oriental fauna , and give to the orni- thology of Hindostan at this season quite a European aspect . The peculiar species of the higher Himalayas do not as a rule descend to the ...
Page 24
... central plains and of California being for the most part sedentary , or only migrating for short distances . All the species which reach South America , and most of those which winter in Mexico and Guatemala , are exclusively eastern ...
... central plains and of California being for the most part sedentary , or only migrating for short distances . All the species which reach South America , and most of those which winter in Mexico and Guatemala , are exclusively eastern ...
Page 26
... central parts of the area the species is a permanent resident , to others which move completely over 1,000 miles of latitude , so that in all the intervening districts they are only known as birds of passage . Now , just as the rice ...
... central parts of the area the species is a permanent resident , to others which move completely over 1,000 miles of latitude , so that in all the intervening districts they are only known as birds of passage . Now , just as the rice ...
Page 38
... Central America and Mexico . In Asia a great transverse barrier exists , dividing that continent into a northern and southern portion ; and as the lowlands occur on the south and the highlands on the north of the great moun- tain range ...
... Central America and Mexico . In Asia a great transverse barrier exists , dividing that continent into a northern and southern portion ; and as the lowlands occur on the south and the highlands on the north of the great moun- tain range ...
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Common terms and phrases
absence abundant Abyssinia affinities Africa and Madagascar allied Amphibia animals antelopes arctic Asia Austral Australian Australian region Austro-Malaya belong birds Borneo Burmah Carnivora Celebes Central Ceylon characteristic China climate confined CORVIDA Cosmopolite Cosmopolite Cosmopolite deposits distribution east Eocene epoch Ethiopian Ethiopian region Europe European excl existing extend extinct fauna forests Formosa genera genus geographical globe groups Guinea Himalayas hyænas India Indo-Malay inhabit Insectivora insects islands Japan Java land land-birds large number less lizards Machairodus Madagascar Malacca Malay Malaya Malayan mammalia migration Miocene Miocene period Moluccas mountains Nearctic Neotropical North northern occur ocean Oriental genus Oriental region Palearctic Palearctic genus Palearctic region Papuan peculiar forms peculiar genera peculiar genus peculiar species perhaps Philippines Pliocene possesses Post-Pliocene probably range regions but Australian remarkable represented reptiles rhinoceros South America southern sub-region Sumatra tapir Tasmania temperate Tertiary Thibet Timor Tropical Africa types whole region wholly Zealand zoological regions
Popular passages
Page 150 - Yet it is surely a marvellous fact, and one that has hardly been sufficiently dwelt upon, this sudden dying out of so many large mammalia, not in one place only but over half the land surface of the globe.
Page 328 - India consisting mainly of granite and old-metamorphic rocks, while the greater part of the peninsula is of tertiary formation, with a few isolated patches of secondary rocks. It is evident, therefore, that during much of the tertiary period,* Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya, require, however, some closer approximation...
Page 37 - Straits, so that it is possible to go from Cape Horn to Singapore or the Cape of Good Hope without ever being out of sight of land ; and owing to the intervention of the numerous islands of the Malay Archipelago the journey might be continued under the same conditions as far as Melbourne and Hobart...
Page 278 - ... wonderful aye-aye (Chiromys) , the insectivorous Centetidae, and carnivorous Cryptoprocta, among the Mammalia. They speak to us plainly of enormous antiquity, of long-continued isolation, and not less plainly of a lost continent or continental island, in which so many, and various, and peculiarly organized creatures, could have been gradually developed in a connected fauna, of which we have here but the fragmentary remains.
Page 328 - ... much of the Tertiary period, Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya require, however, some closer approximation with these islands, which probably occurred at a later period. When, still later, the great plains and tablelands of Hindostan were formed and a permanent land communication effected with the rich and highly...
Page 57 - Eegions in the first place, from a consideration of the distribution of mammalia, only bringing to our aid the distribution of other groups to determine doubtful points. Regions so established will be most closely in accordance with those long-enduring features of physical geography, on which the distribution of all forms of life fundamentally depends;* and all discrepancies in the distribution of other classes of animals must be capable of being explained, either...
Page 67 - ... who cannot recognize the essential diversity of structure in such groups as swifts and swallows, sun-birds and humming-birds, under the superficial disguise caused by adaptation to a similar mode of life. The application of Mr. Allen's principle leads to equally erroneous results, as may be well seen by considering his separation of 'the southern third of Australia' to unite it with New Zealand as one of his secondary zoological divisions."t Leaving Mr.
Page 44 - The introduction of goats into St. Helena utterly destroyed a whole flora of forest trees, and with them all the insects, mollusca, and perhaps birds directly or indirectly dependent on them.
Page 290 - The enormous disproportion between the mean height of the land and the mean depth of the ocean, which would render it very difficult for new land to reach the surface till long after the total submergence of the sinking continent. (2) The wonderful uniformity of level over by far the greater part of the ocean floor, which indicates that it is not subject to the same disturbing agencies which...
Page 76 - is undoubtedly a legitimate and highly probable supposition, and it is an example of the way in which a study of the geographical distribution of animals may enable us to reconstruct the geography of a bygone age. ... It...